如何使用Packj检测恶意或高风险的开源软件包
2022-9-20 19:6:45 Author: FreeBuf(查看原文) 阅读量:9 收藏

 关于Packj 

Packj是一款功能强大的代码安全检测工具，该工具本质上是一个命令行接口工具套件，可以帮助广大研究人员检测软件代码包中潜在的恶意或高风险代码，旨在缓解软件供应链攻击。该工具支持识别当前热门开源软件管理工具中提供的软件代码包，比如说NPM、RubyGems和PyPI等。在该工具的帮助下，我们可以持续审查软件包并获取免费的风险评估报告。

 工具下载 

由于该工具基于Python 3开发，因此我们首先需要在本地设备上安装并配置好Python 3环境。接下来，使用下列命令将该项目源码克隆至本地：
git clone https://github.com/anil-yelken/Vulnerable-Soap-Service.git

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Packj提供了下列工具：
Audit：用于检测软件代码包中的高位风险属性；
Sandbox：用于安全安装软件包的环境；
$ python3 main.py --help
usage: main [options] args
options:
    audit          Audit a package for malware/risky attributes
    sandbox        Sandbox package installation to mitigate risks
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 工具使用 

审计一个代码包

Packj可以审计开源软件包的“高风险”属性，即可能会让其容易受到供应链攻击的各种因素。比如说，包含过期电子邮件的包（缺少2FA）、发布时间间隔太长、敏感API或访问权限问题等。

工具支持审计下列内容：多个软件包：
python3 main.py -p pypi:requests rubygems:overcommit
依赖文件：
python3 main.py -f npm:package.json pypi:requirements.txt
我们还可以在一个Docker/Podman容器中执行审计操作：
$ docker run -v /tmp:/tmp/packj -it ossillate/packj:latest audit --trace -p npm:browserify[+] Fetching 'browserify' from npm...OK [ver 17.0.0]
[+] Checking version...ALERT [598 days old]
[+] Checking release history...OK [484 version(s)]
[+] Checking release time gap...OK [68 days since last release]
[+] Checking author...OK [[email protected]]
[+] Checking email/domain validity...ALERT [expired author email domain]
[+] Checking readme...OK [26838 bytes]
[+] Checking homepage...OK [https://github.com/browserify/browserify#readme]
[+] Checking downloads...OK [2.2M weekly]
[+] Checking repo_url URL...OK [https://github.com/browserify/browserify]
[+] Checking repo data...OK [stars: 14077, forks: 1236]
[+] Checking repo activity...OK [commits: 2290, contributors: 207, tags: 413]
[+] Checking for CVEs...OK [none found]
[+] Checking dependencies...ALERT [48 found]
[+] Downloading package 'browserify' (ver 17.0.0) from npm...OK [163.83 KB]
[+] Analyzing code...ALERT [needs 3 perms: process,file,codegen]
[+] Checking files/funcs...OK [429 files (383 .js), 744 funcs, LoC: 9.7K]
[+] Installing package and tracing code...OK [found ['process', 'files', 'network'] syscalls]
=============================================
[+] 5 risk(s) found, package is undesirable!
=> Complete report: /tmp/packj_54rbjhgm/report_npm-browserify-17.0.0_hlr1rhcz.json
{
    "undesirable": [
        "old package: 598 days old",
        "invalid or no author email: expired author email domain",
        "generates new code at runtime",
        "reads files and dirs",
        "forks or exits OS processes",
    ]
}

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软件包沙箱安装

Packj提供了一个轻量级沙箱环境，可以用于安全地安装和测试软件包。具体而言，它可以防止恶意软件包提取敏感数据、访问敏感文件（如SSH密钥）以及植入持久化恶意软件等。操作命令如下：
$ python3 main.py sandbox gem install overcommit
Fetching: overcommit-0.59.1.gem (100%)
Install hooks by running `overcommit --install` in your Git repository
Successfully installed overcommit-0.59.1
Parsing documentation for overcommit-0.59.1
Installing ri documentation for overcommit-0.59.1
#############################
# Review summarized activity
#############################
[+] Network connections
[+] DNS (1 IPv4 addresses) at port 53 [rule: ALLOW]
[+] rubygems.org (4 IPv6 addresses) at port 443 [rule: IPv6 rules not supported]
[+] rubygems.org (4 IPv4 addresses) at port 443 [rule: ALLOW]
[+] Filesystem changes
/
└── home
    └── ubuntu
        └── .ruby
            ├── gems
            │   ├── iniparse-1.5.0 [new: DIR, 15 files, 46.6K bytes]
            │   ├── rexml-3.2.5 [new: DIR, 77 files, 455.6K bytes]
            │   ├── overcommit-0.59.1 [new: DIR, 252 files, 432.7K bytes]
            │   └── childprocess-4.1.0 [new: DIR, 57 files, 141.2K bytes]
            ├── cache
            │   ├── iniparse-1.5.0.gem [new: FILE, 16.4K bytes]
            │   ├── rexml-3.2.5.gem [new: FILE, 93.2K bytes]
            │   ├── childprocess-4.1.0.gem [new: FILE, 34.3K bytes]
            │   └── overcommit-0.59.1.gem [new: FILE, 84K bytes]
            ├── specifications
            │   ├── rexml-3.2.5.gemspec [new: FILE, 2.7K bytes]
            │   ├── overcommit-0.59.1.gemspec [new: FILE, 1.7K bytes]
            │   ├── childprocess-4.1.0.gemspec [new: FILE, 1.8K bytes]
            │   └── iniparse-1.5.0.gemspec [new: FILE, 1.3K bytes]
            ├── bin
            │   └── overcommit [new: FILE, 622 bytes]
            └── doc
                ├── iniparse-1.5.0
                │   └── ri [new: DIR, 119 files, 131.7K bytes]
                ├── rexml-3.2.5
                │   └── ri [new: DIR, 836 files, 841K bytes]
                ├── overcommit-0.59.1
                │   └── ri [new: DIR, 1046 files, 1.5M bytes]
                └── childprocess-4.1.0
                    └── ri [new: DIR, 272 files, 297.8K bytes]
 
[C]ommit all changes, [Q|q]uit & discard changes, [L|l]ist details:

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恶意软件检测

在测试该工具的时候，我们成功地在PyPI上搜索出了40个恶意软家包，其中有部分已经被下架了：
$ python3 main.py audit pypi:krisqian
[+] Fetching 'krisqian' from pypi...OK [ver 0.0.7]
[+] Checking version...OK [256 days old]
[+] Checking release history...OK [7 version(s)]
[+] Checking release time gap...OK [1 days since last release]
[+] Checking author...OK [[email protected]]
[+] Checking email/domain validity...OK [[email protected]]
[+] Checking readme...ALERT [no readme]
[+] Checking homepage...OK [https://www.bilibili.com/bangumi/media/md140632]
[+] Checking downloads...OK [13 weekly]
[+] Checking repo_url URL...OK [None]
[+] Checking for CVEs...OK [none found]
[+] Checking dependencies...OK [none found]
[+] Downloading package 'KrisQian' (ver 0.0.7) from pypi...OK [1.94 KB]
[+] Analyzing code...ALERT [needs 3 perms: process,network,file]
[+] Checking files/funcs...OK [9 files (2 .py), 6 funcs, LoC: 184]
=============================================
[+] 6 risk(s) found, package is undesirable!
{
    "undesirable": [
        "no readme",
        "only 45 weekly downloads",
        "no source repo found",
        "generates new code at runtime",
        "fetches data over the network: ['KrisQian-0.0.7/setup.py:40', 'KrisQian-0.0.7/setup.py:50']",
        "reads files and dirs: ['KrisQian-0.0.7/setup.py:59', 'KrisQian-0.0.7/setup.py:70']"
    ]
}
=> Complete report: pypi-KrisQian-0.0.7.json
=> View pre-vetted package report at https://packj.dev/package/PyPi/KrisQian/0.0.7
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其中，Packj将KrisQian（v0.0.7）标记为可疑，因为在包安装期间（在setup.py中）缺少源代码库和使用敏感API（用于网络通信、代码生成）。经过进一步研究和分析，我们验证了这个代码包确实是存在安全问题的。

 许可证协议 

本项目的开发与发布遵循AGPL-3.0开源许可证协议。

 项目地址 

Packj：https://github.com/ossillate-inc/packj

参考资料：

https://packj.dev/
https://www.you*tube.com/watch?v=Rcuqn56uCDk
https://speakerdeck.com/ashishbijlani/pyconus22-slides
https://www.blackhat.com/asia-22/arsenal/schedule/#mitigating-open-source-software-supply-chain-attacks-26241
https://www.blackhat.com/us-22/arsenal/schedule/#detecting-typo-squatting-backdoored-abandoned-and-other-risky-open-source-packages-using-packj-28075
https://osseu2022.sched.com/overview/type/SupplyChainSecurityCon
https://nullcon.net/goa-2022/unearthing-malicious-and-other-risky-open-source-packages-using-packj
https://www.you*tube.com/watch?v=PHfN-NrUCoo
https://speakerdeck.com/ashishbijlani/mitigating-open-source-software-supply-chain-attacks

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