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[原创]学习Kubernetes笔记——部署数据库站点（MySql）
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3小时前
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[原创]学习Kubernetes笔记——部署数据库站点（MySql）
进入k8s集群主节点：10.10.30.201
实际生产环境中，为了稳定和高可用，一般不会把数据库部署在 Kubernetes 集群中，一般是用云厂商的数据库或者自己在高性能机器上搭建。
但是在这次实验环境中，将数据库部署到K8S集群中，可节约资源，也可做测试数据库，且有助于运维效率。
本次数据库搭建为MySQL数据库。
拉取1个镜像：mysql:8.0.30
准备YMAL文件
自定义MySQL配置文件，通过创建 configmap 并挂载到容器中
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 | apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: mysql-config
data:
mysql.cnf: |
[mysqld]
default_storage_engine=innodb
skip_external_locking
lower_case_table_names=1
skip_host_cache
skip_name_resolve
max_connections=2000
innodb_buffer_pool_size=8589934592
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
query_cache_type=0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
sync_binlog = 0
query_cache_size = 104857600
slow_query_log =1
slow_query_log_file=/var/lib/mysql/slow-query.log
log-error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.err
long_query_time = 0.02
table_open_cache_instances=16
table_open_cache = 6000
skip-grant-tables
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
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构建svc,以便集群内外均可访问数据库，其中集群外需通过 nodePort 设置的 30336 端口访问。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 | apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: mysql-svc
release: mysql-svc
name: mysql-svc
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: mysql
port: 3306
protocol: TCP
nodePort: 30336
targetPort: mysql
selector:
app: mysql
sessionAffinity: None
type: NodePort
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构建部署文件，
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 | apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
generation: 1
labels:
app: mysql
release: mysql
name: mysql
namespace: default
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: mysql
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: mysql
spec:
containers:
- name: mysql
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: root
- name: MYSQL_USER
value: test
- name: MYSQL_PASSWORD
value: test
image: 'mysql:8.0.30'
imagePullPolicy:
livenessProbe:
exec:
command:
- /bin/sh
- "-c"
- MYSQL_PWD="${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}"
- mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -e "SELECT 1"
failureThreshold: 3
initialDelaySeconds: 30
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 5
readinessProbe:
exec:
command:
- /bin/sh
- "-c"
- MYSQL_PWD="${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}"
- mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -e "SELECT 1"
failureThreshold: 3
initialDelaySeconds: 5
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 1
ports:
- containerPort: 3306
name: mysql
protocol: TCP
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 256Mi
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
name: data
- name: mysql-config
mountPath: /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d
- name: localtime
readOnly: true
mountPath: /etc/localtime
volumes:
- name: data
nfs:
path: /k8s/sql/data
server: nfs
- name: mysql-config
configMap:
name: mysql-config
- name: localtime
hostPath:
type: File
path: /etc/localtime
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执行
创建mysql.yaml将上面三个YAML文件结合在一起
1 | kubectl apply -f mysql.yaml
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输出
1 2 3 4 | configmap/mysql-config create
service/mysql-svc create
statefulset.apps/mysql create
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验证环境
1 2 3 4 | mysql-0 1/1 Running 0 91m
mysql-svc NodePort 10.103.149.178 <none> 3306:30336/TCP 125m
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考虑到数据安全性，需要定期备份数据库，在K8S集群中，可配置CronJob实现自动备份作业。备份挂载到NFS服务器/k8s/sql/backup路径下，且以日期命名。每1小时的第1分钟备份一次，一天内的备份文件会重复覆盖。
准备YAML文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 | apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
name: mysql-backup
spec:
schedule: "1 * * * *"
jobTemplate:
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: mysql-backup
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
image: 'mysql:8.0.30'
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: root
- name: MYSQL_USER
value: test
- name: MYSQL_PASSWORD
value: test
command:
- /bin/sh
- -c
- |
set -ex
mysqldump --host=$MYSQL_HOST --user=$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD \
--password=$mysql-root-password \
--routines --databases mall --single-transaction \
> /mysql-backup/mysql-`date +"%Y%m%d"`.sql
volumeMounts:
- name: mysql-backup
mountPath: /mysql-backup
restartPolicy: OnFailure
volumes:
- name: mysql-backup
nfs:
path: /k8s/sql/backup
server: nfs
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执行
1 | kubectl apply -f mysql.yaml
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验证
进入NFS服务器10.10.30.211
查看挂载文件夹
[2022冬季班]《安卓高级研修班(网课)》月薪两万班招生中～
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