【Linux命令】每天一个Linux命令(1):ls命令
2023-6-2 00:3:32 Author: 利刃信安攻防实验室(查看原文) 阅读量:11 收藏

每天一个Linux命令(1):ls命令

命令:

ls

描述:ls(list)用于列出指定目录中的文件和子目录。它显示文件和目录的名称、权限、大小和修改日期等信息。

语法:

ls [选项] [目录]
常用选项:
  • -l:以长格式显示文件和目录的详细信息。
  • -a:显示所有文件和目录,包括以点开头的隐藏文件。
  • -h:以人类可读的格式显示文件大小。
  • -r:反向排序,逆序显示文件和目录。
  • -t:按修改时间排序,最新的文件或目录排在前面。
  • -R:递归地显示指定目录及其子目录中的内容。
示例:
1.
列出当前目录下的文件和目录:
ls

这将列出当前工作目录中的文件和目录。

2.

列出指定目录下的文件和目录:
ls directory/

这将列出名为 directory 的目录中的文件和子目录。

3.

以长格式显示文件和目录的详细信息:
ls -l

这将以长格式显示当前目录中的文件和目录的详细信息,包括权限、所有者、大小和修改日期等。

4.
显示所有文件和目录,包括以点开头的隐藏文件:
ls -a
这将显示当前目录中的所有文件和目录,包括以点开头的隐藏文件。

5.
以人类可读的格式显示文件大小:
ls -lh
这将以人类可读的格式(如 KB、MB)显示当前目录中的文件大小。

6.
反向排序,逆序显示文件和目录:
ls -r
这将反向排序并逆序显示当前目录中的文件和目录。

7.
按修改时间排序,最新的文件或目录排在前面:
ls -t
这将按照修改时间排序,并将最新的文件或目录排在前面。

8.
递归地显示指定目录及其子目录中的内容:
ls -R directory/
这将递归地显示目录 directory 及其所有子目录中的文件和目录。

说明:
ls 命令是一个常用的文件和目录列表工具,用于查看文件系统中的内容。它提供了多种选项来满足不同的显示需求,可以显示文件和目录的基本信息、详细信息、排序方式和递归显示等。使用 ls 命令时,请注意提供正确的选项和目录名,以便获取所需的文件和目录列表。
[[email protected] /]# ls --helpUsage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -a, --all do not ignore entries starting with . -A, --almost-all do not list implied . and .. --author with -l, print the author of each file -b, --escape print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters --block-size=SIZE with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them; e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~ -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information); with -l: show ctime and sort by name; otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first -C list entries by columns --color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below -d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents -D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries --file-type likewise, except do not append '*' --format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C --full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso -g like -l, but do not list owner --group-directories-first group directories before files; can be augmented with a --sort option, but any use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping -G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names -h, --human-readable with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc. --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 -H, --dereference-command-line follow symbolic links listed on the command line --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory --hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A) --hyperlink[=WHEN] hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never' --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F) -i, --inode print the index number of each file -I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN -k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage; used only with -s and per directory totals -l use a long listing format -L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself -m fill width with a comma separated list of entries -n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs -N, --literal print entry names without quoting -o like -l, but do not list group information -p, --indicator-style=slash append / indicator to directories -q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters --show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal) -Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes --quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable) -r, --reverse reverse order while sorting -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively -s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks -S sort by file size, largest first --sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X) --time=WORD change the default of using modification times; access time (-u): atime, access, use; change time (-c): ctime, status; birth time: birth, creation; with -l, WORD determines which time to show; with --sort=time, sort by WORD (newest first) --time-style=TIME_STYLE time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below -t sort by time, newest first; see --time -T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8 -u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time; with -l: show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time, newest first -U do not sort; list entries in directory order -v natural sort of (version) numbers within text -w, --width=COLS set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit -x list entries by lines instead of by columns -X sort alphabetically by entry extension -Z, --context print any security context of each file -1 list one file per line. Avoid '\n' with -q or -b --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.
The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT.FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1). If FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2,then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files.TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes effect only outside the POSIX locale.Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.
Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default andwith --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only whenstandard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environmentvariable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.
Exit status: 0 if OK, 1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory), 2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ls>or available locally via: info '(coreutils) ls invocation'


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