bash

INVOCATION

      A login shell is one whose first character of argument zero is a -, or one started with the --login option.

      An interactive shell is one started without non-option arguments and without the -c option whose standard input and error are both connected  to terminals  (as  determined  by  isatty(3)),  or one started with the -i option.  PS1 is set and $- includes i if bash is interactive, allowing a

      shell script or a startup file to test this state.

      The following paragraphs describe how bash executes its startup files.  If any of the files exist but cannot be read,  bash  reports  an  error.Tildes are expanded in file names as described below under Tilde Expansion in the EXPANSION section.

      When  bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell with the --login option, it first reads and executes commands from the file /etc/profile, if that file exists.  After reading that file, it looks for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile, in  that order,  and  reads  and  executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.  The --noprofile option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.

      When a login shell exits, bash reads and executes commands from the files ~/.bash_logout and /etc/bash.bash_logout, if the files exists.

      When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bash reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists.  This  may be  inhibited by using the --norc option.  The --rcfile file option will force bash to read and execute commands from file instead of ~/.bashrc.

tcsh

Startup and shutdown

      A login shell begins by executing commands from the system files /etc/csh.cshrc and /etc/csh.login.  It then executes commands from files in the user’s  home  directory:  first ~/.tcshrc (+) or, if ~/.tcshrc is not found, ~/.cshrc, then ~/.history (or the value of the histfile shell variable), then ~/.login, and finally ~/.cshdirs (or the value of the dirsfile shell variable)  (+).   The  shell  may  read  /etc/csh.login  before instead  of  after  /etc/csh.cshrc,  and  ~/.login before instead of after ~/.tcshrc or ~/.cshrc and ~/.history, if so compiled; see the version

      shell variable. (+)

      Non-login shells read only /etc/csh.cshrc and ~/.tcshrc or ~/.cshrc on startup.

      For examples of startup files, please consult http://tcshrc.sourceforge.net.

类似的可以查阅如login、/etc/profile、/etc/bashrc、/etc/csh.cshrc、/etc/csh.login等所有涉及到的配置文件的信息。同时可参考网络上其它的资料，如我在“引言”中的一些资料。