一句话摘要: 本文通过三个案例研究，探讨了OSINT的起源，证明了OSINT具有更长久和丰富的历史。

开源情报（OSINT）作为一种情报收集手段，其历史比许多人想象的要悠久。本文通过探索性研究，回顾了OSINT的起源，并通过美国、德国和荷兰的三个案例研究，揭示了OSINT的丰富历史。从19世纪中期美国的新闻信息收集，到20世纪初欧洲的情报活动，OSINT的发展与技术进步、信息公开程度以及政治军事需求紧密相关。

1、Can you tell us a little bit about the history of OSINT?

The history of OSINT can be traced back to the United States during the Revolutionary War, where George Washington had his spies gather information from publicly available sources such as newspapers, pamphlets, and other documents. This practice of collecting and exploiting information from publicly available sources to fulfill intelligence requirements has been documented as early as halfway the 19th century in the United States and early 20th century in Europe. OSINT has a much longer and richer history than previously assumed, with many authors writing on open source intelligence assuming that the first OSINT practices emerged at the eve of the Second World War with the establishment of the BBC Monitoring Services and the Foreign Broadcast Monitoring Service. However, this paper argues that OSINT has a much longer institutional history.
Reference files:
OSINT的悠久历史.pdf

1、你能告诉我们一些关于OSINT的历史吗?

2、What historical events or cases related to OSINT are described in this document?

The document describes the historical events and cases related to OSINT in the United States, Germany, and the Netherlands. The document mentions that OSINT practices have existed in the United States since the Revolutionary War, with George Washington gathering British military information from newspapers, pamphlets, and other documents. During World War II, offices like the Foreign Broadcast Monitoring Service (FBMS) collected and exploited information from open sources. The document also mentions that similar practices existed in Germany and the Netherlands during the early 20th century. The document provides examples of newspapers being used as a HUMINT source and classifies them as such.
Reference files:
OSINT的悠久历史.pdf

2、本文档描述了哪些与OSINT相关的历史事件或案例?

• 美国内战期间的OSINT实践

美国内战期间，双方冲突的新闻报道为军事和政治情报提供了丰富的信息源。Fuhlhage的研究表明，当时的记者采用了包括伪装、密码和反侦察在内的间谍手段来收集信息。这些信息不仅被用于战术决策，也被用于战略规划。

• 德国一战前后的OSINT实践

德国军事情报部门Sektion IIIb自1889年成立以来，就开始利用开源情报来收集军事、政治和经济信息。通过对外国报纸的系统性研究，德国情报机构能够获取敌对国家的重要情报，并对战争策略做出调整。

• 荷兰军事情报服务的OSINT实践

荷兰的军事情报服务在1914年正式成立之前，就已经开始关注开源情报。通过阅读外国军事期刊和报纸，荷兰情报机构能够收集到关于外国军队的重要信息。随着时间的推移，这些开源情报活动变得更加系统和有组织。

通过这些案例研究，我们可以看到OSINT的实践不仅仅是现代情报工作的产物，而是有着悠久且丰富的历史。从19世纪的新闻报道到20世纪的广播服务，OSINT一直在适应技术的发展和社会的变化。这些历史案例为我们提供了宝贵的经验，帮助我们理解和评估OSINT在当今世界的作用和潜力。