Recently I wondered if it was possible to obtain a list of all (or most) of the public ipv4 ip's for a certain area, so first I decided to start with countries, I thought it would be as simple as each country being assigned a certain IP range, but this clearly isn't how it works, I tried looking into Ripe NCC for a European country but the records it gave back seemed to be outdated and from 2009.

so then I looked at ipinfo.io which gave me a much better detailed analysis of some of the IPs in the area to go off for the country but they all seem so mixed e.g :

5.92. etc. 89.21 etc. 11.78.09 etc.

there seems to be so many variables involved when it comes to ip's being assigned, I just don't get how it works.

I don't want to rely on some service to fetch all the IPs in a country or area for me and I assume this is all public data / info they're pulling from.

What resources can I look at to learn?